Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status

Mineland rehabilitation is performed to reduce the overall impacts of mining operations. Thus, statistically validated and easily measurable indicators are necessary to monitor the environmental status along time, enhance the rehabilitation process, and increase institutional tractability. The objec...

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Autores principales:	Markus Gastauer, Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros Sarmento, Cecílio Frois Caldeira, Arianne Flexa Castro, Silvio Junio Ramos, Leonardo Carreira Trevelin, Rodolfo Jaffé, Gilliana Almeida Rosa, Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro, Rafael Borges da Silva Valadares, Guilherme Oliveira, Pedro Walfir Martins Souza Filho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Environmental monitoring Mining impacts Ecosystem functioning Carajás National Forest Environmental legislation Mining waste piles Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/af294046b9f84f2388c7b2d50c0184ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:af294046b9f84f2388c7b2d50c0184ec2021-12-01T04:59:10ZShannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108100https://doaj.org/article/af294046b9f84f2388c7b2d50c0184ec2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21007652https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XMineland rehabilitation is performed to reduce the overall impacts of mining operations. Thus, statistically validated and easily measurable indicators are necessary to monitor the environmental status along time, enhance the rehabilitation process, and increase institutional tractability. The objective of this study is to derive an effective indicator to assess the environmental quality of iron mining waste piles undergoing rehabilitation in the Carajás National Forest, eastern Amazon, Brazil, from a curated set of field-surveyed environmental variables related to vegetation structure, invertebrate and vegetation compositions, diversity, and ecological processes. Data were collected from a chronosequence that included non-revegetated areas, areas in different rehabilitation stages and natural reference sites. All variables were integrated to produce a single estimate of rehabilitation status using a multivariate approach. Individual variables largely differed in their response ratios; nevertheless, the data integration showed that more than 50% of the predisturbance ecosystem structure, diversity and functioning were restituted after only seven years, which highlights the potential of rehabilitation activities to effectively reduce mining impacts. Among all 27 variables, the Shannon index of tree diversity had the highest predictive power for overall rehabilitation status, qualifying this metric as the most effective indicator for the use in future comprehensive monitoring activities in waste piles undergoing rehabilitation in the Carajás National Forest. The positive relationship between tree diversity and mineland rehabilitation status in the examined areas emphasizes the importance of diverse tree communities in increasing rehabilitation success and ecosystem and soil functioning over short time periods.Markus GastauerPriscila Sanjuan de Medeiros SarmentoCecílio Frois CaldeiraArianne Flexa CastroSilvio Junio RamosLeonardo Carreira TrevelinRodolfo JafféGilliana Almeida RosaMarco Aurélio Carbone CarneiroRafael Borges da Silva ValadaresGuilherme OliveiraPedro Walfir Martins Souza FilhoElsevierarticleEnvironmental monitoringMining impactsEcosystem functioningCarajás National ForestEnvironmental legislationMining waste pilesEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 130, Iss , Pp 108100- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Environmental monitoring Mining impacts Ecosystem functioning Carajás National Forest Environmental legislation Mining waste piles Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Environmental monitoring Mining impacts Ecosystem functioning Carajás National Forest Environmental legislation Mining waste piles Ecology QH540-549.5 Markus Gastauer Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros Sarmento Cecílio Frois Caldeira Arianne Flexa Castro Silvio Junio Ramos Leonardo Carreira Trevelin Rodolfo Jaffé Gilliana Almeida Rosa Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro Rafael Borges da Silva Valadares Guilherme Oliveira Pedro Walfir Martins Souza Filho Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status
description	Mineland rehabilitation is performed to reduce the overall impacts of mining operations. Thus, statistically validated and easily measurable indicators are necessary to monitor the environmental status along time, enhance the rehabilitation process, and increase institutional tractability. The objective of this study is to derive an effective indicator to assess the environmental quality of iron mining waste piles undergoing rehabilitation in the Carajás National Forest, eastern Amazon, Brazil, from a curated set of field-surveyed environmental variables related to vegetation structure, invertebrate and vegetation compositions, diversity, and ecological processes. Data were collected from a chronosequence that included non-revegetated areas, areas in different rehabilitation stages and natural reference sites. All variables were integrated to produce a single estimate of rehabilitation status using a multivariate approach. Individual variables largely differed in their response ratios; nevertheless, the data integration showed that more than 50% of the predisturbance ecosystem structure, diversity and functioning were restituted after only seven years, which highlights the potential of rehabilitation activities to effectively reduce mining impacts. Among all 27 variables, the Shannon index of tree diversity had the highest predictive power for overall rehabilitation status, qualifying this metric as the most effective indicator for the use in future comprehensive monitoring activities in waste piles undergoing rehabilitation in the Carajás National Forest. The positive relationship between tree diversity and mineland rehabilitation status in the examined areas emphasizes the importance of diverse tree communities in increasing rehabilitation success and ecosystem and soil functioning over short time periods.
format	article
author	Markus Gastauer Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros Sarmento Cecílio Frois Caldeira Arianne Flexa Castro Silvio Junio Ramos Leonardo Carreira Trevelin Rodolfo Jaffé Gilliana Almeida Rosa Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro Rafael Borges da Silva Valadares Guilherme Oliveira Pedro Walfir Martins Souza Filho
author_facet	Markus Gastauer Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros Sarmento Cecílio Frois Caldeira Arianne Flexa Castro Silvio Junio Ramos Leonardo Carreira Trevelin Rodolfo Jaffé Gilliana Almeida Rosa Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro Rafael Borges da Silva Valadares Guilherme Oliveira Pedro Walfir Martins Souza Filho
author_sort	Markus Gastauer
title	Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status
title_short	Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status
title_full	Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status
title_fullStr	Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status
title_full_unstemmed	Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status
title_sort	shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/af294046b9f84f2388c7b2d50c0184ec
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Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status

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