Collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.

Phytoplankton mortality allows effective nutrient cycling, and thus plays a pivotal role in driving biogeochemical cycles. A growing body of literature demonstrates the involvement of regulated death programs in the abrupt collapse of phytoplankton populations, and particularly implicates processes...

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Autores principales:	Assaf Cohen, Eleonora Sendersky, Shmuel Carmeli, Rakefet Schwarz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/af83ed56f29a4051b7d8d8ea465b40c7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:af83ed56f29a4051b7d8d8ea465b40c72021-11-11T08:21:49ZCollapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0100747https://doaj.org/article/af83ed56f29a4051b7d8d8ea465b40c72014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24959874/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Phytoplankton mortality allows effective nutrient cycling, and thus plays a pivotal role in driving biogeochemical cycles. A growing body of literature demonstrates the involvement of regulated death programs in the abrupt collapse of phytoplankton populations, and particularly implicates processes that exhibit characteristics of metazoan programmed cell death. Here, we report that the cell-free, extracellular fluid (conditioned medium) of a collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus is toxic to exponentially growing cells of this cyanobacterium, as well as to a large variety of photosynthetic organisms, but not to eubacteria. The toxic effect, which is light-dependent, involves oxidative stress, as suggested by damage alleviation by antioxidants, and the very high sensitivity of a catalase-mutant to the conditioned medium. At relatively high cell densities, S. elongatus cells survived the deleterious effect of conditioned medium in a process that required de novo protein synthesis. Application of conditioned medium from a collapsing culture caused severe pigment bleaching not only in S. elongatus cells, but also resulted in bleaching of pigments in a cell free extract. The latter observation indicates that the elicited damage is a direct effect that does not require an intact cell, and therefore, is mechanistically different from the metazoan-like programmed cell death described for phytoplankton. We suggest that S. elongatus in aged cultures are triggered to produce a toxic compound, and thus, this process may be envisaged as a novel regulated death program.Assaf CohenEleonora SenderskyShmuel CarmeliRakefet SchwarzPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e100747 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Assaf Cohen Eleonora Sendersky Shmuel Carmeli Rakefet Schwarz Collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.
description	Phytoplankton mortality allows effective nutrient cycling, and thus plays a pivotal role in driving biogeochemical cycles. A growing body of literature demonstrates the involvement of regulated death programs in the abrupt collapse of phytoplankton populations, and particularly implicates processes that exhibit characteristics of metazoan programmed cell death. Here, we report that the cell-free, extracellular fluid (conditioned medium) of a collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus is toxic to exponentially growing cells of this cyanobacterium, as well as to a large variety of photosynthetic organisms, but not to eubacteria. The toxic effect, which is light-dependent, involves oxidative stress, as suggested by damage alleviation by antioxidants, and the very high sensitivity of a catalase-mutant to the conditioned medium. At relatively high cell densities, S. elongatus cells survived the deleterious effect of conditioned medium in a process that required de novo protein synthesis. Application of conditioned medium from a collapsing culture caused severe pigment bleaching not only in S. elongatus cells, but also resulted in bleaching of pigments in a cell free extract. The latter observation indicates that the elicited damage is a direct effect that does not require an intact cell, and therefore, is mechanistically different from the metazoan-like programmed cell death described for phytoplankton. We suggest that S. elongatus in aged cultures are triggered to produce a toxic compound, and thus, this process may be envisaged as a novel regulated death program.
format	article
author	Assaf Cohen Eleonora Sendersky Shmuel Carmeli Rakefet Schwarz
author_facet	Assaf Cohen Eleonora Sendersky Shmuel Carmeli Rakefet Schwarz
author_sort	Assaf Cohen
title	Collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.
title_short	Collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.
title_full	Collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.
title_fullStr	Collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.
title_full_unstemmed	Collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.
title_sort	collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/af83ed56f29a4051b7d8d8ea465b40c7
work_keys_str_mv	AT assafcohen collapsingagedcultureofthecyanobacteriumsynechococcuselongatusproducescompoundstoxictophotosyntheticorganisms AT eleonorasendersky collapsingagedcultureofthecyanobacteriumsynechococcuselongatusproducescompoundstoxictophotosyntheticorganisms AT shmuelcarmeli collapsingagedcultureofthecyanobacteriumsynechococcuselongatusproducescompoundstoxictophotosyntheticorganisms AT rakefetschwarz collapsingagedcultureofthecyanobacteriumsynechococcuselongatusproducescompoundstoxictophotosyntheticorganisms
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Collapsing aged culture of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus produces compound(s) toxic to photosynthetic organisms.

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