Flexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird Andalgalornis steulleti (Aves Phorusrhacidae).

<h4>Background</h4>Andalgalornis steulleti from the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene (≈6 million years ago) of Argentina is a medium-sized patagornithine phorusrhacid. It was a member of the predominantly South American radiation of 'terror birds' (Phorusrhacidae) that were apex pr...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Claudia P Tambussi, Ricardo de Mendoza, Federico J Degrange, Mariana B Picasso
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/af95898d957d4201a6cc8c38e5574a05
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:af95898d957d4201a6cc8c38e5574a05
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:af95898d957d4201a6cc8c38e5574a052021-11-18T07:17:20ZFlexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird Andalgalornis steulleti (Aves Phorusrhacidae).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0037701https://doaj.org/article/af95898d957d4201a6cc8c38e5574a052012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22662194/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Andalgalornis steulleti from the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene (≈6 million years ago) of Argentina is a medium-sized patagornithine phorusrhacid. It was a member of the predominantly South American radiation of 'terror birds' (Phorusrhacidae) that were apex predators throughout much of the Cenozoic. A previous biomechanical study suggests that the skull would be prepared to make sudden movements in the sagittal plane to subdue prey.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We analyze the flexion patterns of the neck of Andalgalornis based on the neck vertebrae morphology and biometrics. The transitional cervical vertebrae 5th and 9th clearly separate regions 1-2 and 2-3 respectively. Bifurcate neural spines are developed in the cervical vertebrae 7th to 12th suggesting the presence of a very intricate ligamentary system and of a very well developed epaxial musculature. The presence of the lig. elasticum interespinale is inferred. High neural spines of R3 suggest that this region concentrates the major stresses during downstrokes.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The musculoskeletal system of Andalgalornis seems to be prepared (1) to support a particularly big head during normal stance, and (2) to help the neck (and the head) rising after the maximum ventroflexion during a strike. The study herein is the first interpretation of the potential performance of the neck of Andalgalornis in its entirety and we considered this an important starting point to understand and reconstruct the flexion pattern of other phorusrhacids from which the neck is unknown.Claudia P TambussiRicardo de MendozaFederico J DegrangeMariana B PicassoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e37701 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Claudia P Tambussi Ricardo de Mendoza Federico J Degrange Mariana B Picasso Flexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird Andalgalornis steulleti (Aves Phorusrhacidae).
description	<h4>Background</h4>Andalgalornis steulleti from the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene (≈6 million years ago) of Argentina is a medium-sized patagornithine phorusrhacid. It was a member of the predominantly South American radiation of 'terror birds' (Phorusrhacidae) that were apex predators throughout much of the Cenozoic. A previous biomechanical study suggests that the skull would be prepared to make sudden movements in the sagittal plane to subdue prey.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We analyze the flexion patterns of the neck of Andalgalornis based on the neck vertebrae morphology and biometrics. The transitional cervical vertebrae 5th and 9th clearly separate regions 1-2 and 2-3 respectively. Bifurcate neural spines are developed in the cervical vertebrae 7th to 12th suggesting the presence of a very intricate ligamentary system and of a very well developed epaxial musculature. The presence of the lig. elasticum interespinale is inferred. High neural spines of R3 suggest that this region concentrates the major stresses during downstrokes.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The musculoskeletal system of Andalgalornis seems to be prepared (1) to support a particularly big head during normal stance, and (2) to help the neck (and the head) rising after the maximum ventroflexion during a strike. The study herein is the first interpretation of the potential performance of the neck of Andalgalornis in its entirety and we considered this an important starting point to understand and reconstruct the flexion pattern of other phorusrhacids from which the neck is unknown.
format	article
author	Claudia P Tambussi Ricardo de Mendoza Federico J Degrange Mariana B Picasso
author_facet	Claudia P Tambussi Ricardo de Mendoza Federico J Degrange Mariana B Picasso
author_sort	Claudia P Tambussi
title	Flexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird Andalgalornis steulleti (Aves Phorusrhacidae).
title_short	Flexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird Andalgalornis steulleti (Aves Phorusrhacidae).
title_full	Flexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird Andalgalornis steulleti (Aves Phorusrhacidae).
title_fullStr	Flexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird Andalgalornis steulleti (Aves Phorusrhacidae).
title_full_unstemmed	Flexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird Andalgalornis steulleti (Aves Phorusrhacidae).
title_sort	flexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird andalgalornis steulleti (aves phorusrhacidae).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/af95898d957d4201a6cc8c38e5574a05
work_keys_str_mv	AT claudiaptambussi flexibilityalongtheneckoftheneogeneterrorbirdandalgalornissteulletiavesphorusrhacidae AT ricardodemendoza flexibilityalongtheneckoftheneogeneterrorbirdandalgalornissteulletiavesphorusrhacidae AT federicojdegrange flexibilityalongtheneckoftheneogeneterrorbirdandalgalornissteulletiavesphorusrhacidae AT marianabpicasso flexibilityalongtheneckoftheneogeneterrorbirdandalgalornissteulletiavesphorusrhacidae
_version_	1718423686699024384

Flexibility along the neck of the neogene terror bird Andalgalornis steulleti (Aves Phorusrhacidae).

Ejemplares similares