Wound Healing Metabolites from Peters’ Elephant-Nose Fish Oil: An In Vivo Investigation Supported by In Vitro and In Silico Studies
<i>Gnathonemus</i><i>petersii</i> (F. Mormyridae) commonly known as Peters’ elephant-nose fish is a freshwater elephant fish native to West and Central African rivers. The present research aimed at metabolic profiling of its derived crude oil via GC-MS analysis. In addition,...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/af9d8fb12c6541c6809c246efaeb891c |
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| Sumario: | <i>Gnathonemus</i><i>petersii</i> (F. Mormyridae) commonly known as Peters’ elephant-nose fish is a freshwater elephant fish native to West and Central African rivers. The present research aimed at metabolic profiling of its derived crude oil via GC-MS analysis. In addition, wound healing aptitude in adult male New Zealand Dutch strain albino rabbits along with isolated bioactive compounds in comparison with a commercial product (Mebo<sup>®</sup>). The molecular mechanism was studied through a number of in vitro investigations, i.e., radical scavenging and inhibition of COX enzymes, in addition to in silico molecular docking study. The results revealed a total of 35 identified (71.11%) compounds in the fish oil, belonging to fatty acids (59.57%), sterols (6.11%), and alkanes (5.43%). Phytochemical investigation of the crude oil afforded isolation of six compounds <b>1–6</b>. Moreover, the crude oil showed significant in vitro hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Furthermore, the crude oil along with one of its major components (compound <b>4</b>) exhibited selective inhibitory activity towards COX-2 with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 15.27 and 2.41 µM, respectively. Topical application of the crude oil on excision wounds showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in the wound healing rate in comparison to the untreated and Mebo<sup>®</sup>-treated groups, where fish oil increased the TGF-β1 expression, down-regulated TNF-<i>α</i>, and IL-1β. Accordingly, Peters’ elephant-nose fish oil may be a potential alternative medication helping wound healing owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. |
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