Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus

The flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) technique is useful for preparing curved polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) and caged nanocarbon molecules, such as the well-known corannulene and fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. However, the operating temperature of the traditional FVP apparatus is limited t...

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Autores principales:	Hong-Gang Zhang, Ya-Qi Zhuo, Xiao-Min Zhang, Leng Zhang, Piao-Yang Xu, Han-Rui Tian, Shui-Chao Lin, Qianyan Zhang, Su-Yuan Xie, Lan-Sun Zheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fullerenes flash vacuum pyrolysis nanocarbon pyrolysis apparatus Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/afab3de2800c4ca8a8e33f95d9f645f0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:afab3de2800c4ca8a8e33f95d9f645f02021-11-25T18:31:52ZSynthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus10.3390/nano111130332079-4991https://doaj.org/article/afab3de2800c4ca8a8e33f95d9f645f02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3033https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991The flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) technique is useful for preparing curved polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) and caged nanocarbon molecules, such as the well-known corannulene and fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. However, the operating temperature of the traditional FVP apparatus is limited to ~1250 °C, which is not sufficient to overcome the high energy barriers of some reactions. Herein, we report an ultrahigh-temperature FVP (UT-FVP) apparatus with a controllable operating temperature of up to 2500 °C to synthesize fullerene C<sub>60</sub> from a nonaromatic single carbon reactant, i.e., chloroform, at 1350 °C or above. Fullerene C<sub>60</sub> cannot be obtained from CHCl<sub>3</sub> using the traditional FVP apparatus because of the limitation of the reaction temperature. The significant improvements in the UT-FVP apparatus, compared to the traditional FVP apparatus, were the replacement of the quartz tube with a graphite tube and the direct heating of the graphite tube by impedance heating instead of indirect heating of the quartz tube using an electric furnace. Because of the higher temperature range, UT-FVP can not only synthesize fullerene C<sub>60</sub> from single carbon nonaromatic reactants but sublimate some high-molecular-weight compounds to synthesize larger curved PAHs in the future.Hong-Gang ZhangYa-Qi ZhuoXiao-Min ZhangLeng ZhangPiao-Yang XuHan-Rui TianShui-Chao LinQianyan ZhangSu-Yuan XieLan-Sun ZhengMDPI AGarticlefullerenesflash vacuum pyrolysisnanocarbonpyrolysis apparatusChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 3033, p 3033 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fullerenes flash vacuum pyrolysis nanocarbon pyrolysis apparatus Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	fullerenes flash vacuum pyrolysis nanocarbon pyrolysis apparatus Chemistry QD1-999 Hong-Gang Zhang Ya-Qi Zhuo Xiao-Min Zhang Leng Zhang Piao-Yang Xu Han-Rui Tian Shui-Chao Lin Qianyan Zhang Su-Yuan Xie Lan-Sun Zheng Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus
description	The flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) technique is useful for preparing curved polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) and caged nanocarbon molecules, such as the well-known corannulene and fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. However, the operating temperature of the traditional FVP apparatus is limited to ~1250 °C, which is not sufficient to overcome the high energy barriers of some reactions. Herein, we report an ultrahigh-temperature FVP (UT-FVP) apparatus with a controllable operating temperature of up to 2500 °C to synthesize fullerene C<sub>60</sub> from a nonaromatic single carbon reactant, i.e., chloroform, at 1350 °C or above. Fullerene C<sub>60</sub> cannot be obtained from CHCl<sub>3</sub> using the traditional FVP apparatus because of the limitation of the reaction temperature. The significant improvements in the UT-FVP apparatus, compared to the traditional FVP apparatus, were the replacement of the quartz tube with a graphite tube and the direct heating of the graphite tube by impedance heating instead of indirect heating of the quartz tube using an electric furnace. Because of the higher temperature range, UT-FVP can not only synthesize fullerene C<sub>60</sub> from single carbon nonaromatic reactants but sublimate some high-molecular-weight compounds to synthesize larger curved PAHs in the future.
format	article
author	Hong-Gang Zhang Ya-Qi Zhuo Xiao-Min Zhang Leng Zhang Piao-Yang Xu Han-Rui Tian Shui-Chao Lin Qianyan Zhang Su-Yuan Xie Lan-Sun Zheng
author_facet	Hong-Gang Zhang Ya-Qi Zhuo Xiao-Min Zhang Leng Zhang Piao-Yang Xu Han-Rui Tian Shui-Chao Lin Qianyan Zhang Su-Yuan Xie Lan-Sun Zheng
author_sort	Hong-Gang Zhang
title	Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus
title_short	Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus
title_full	Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus
title_fullStr	Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus
title_sort	synthesis of fullerenes from a nonaromatic chloroform through a newly developed ultrahigh-temperature flash vacuum pyrolysis apparatus
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/afab3de2800c4ca8a8e33f95d9f645f0
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Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus

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