Comparing Cars With Apples? Identifying the Appropriate Benchmark Countries for Relative Ecological Pollution Rankings and International Learning

One of the most difficult tasks that economies face is how to generate economic growth without causing environmental damage. Research in economic complexity has provided new methods to reveal structural constraints and opportunities for green economic diversification and sophistication, as well as t...

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Autores principales:	Dominik Hartmann, Diogo Ferraz, Mayra Bezerra, Andreas Pyka, Flávio L. Pinheiro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	economic complexity cleaner production eco-efficiency country benchmark network international learning Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/afafec39531743d7896ea2b242d62f65
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:afafec39531743d7896ea2b242d62f652021-11-22T06:43:53ZComparing Cars With Apples? Identifying the Appropriate Benchmark Countries for Relative Ecological Pollution Rankings and International Learning2296-665X10.3389/fenvs.2021.779378https://doaj.org/article/afafec39531743d7896ea2b242d62f652021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.779378/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-665XOne of the most difficult tasks that economies face is how to generate economic growth without causing environmental damage. Research in economic complexity has provided new methods to reveal structural constraints and opportunities for green economic diversification and sophistication, as well as the effects of economic complexity on environmental pollution indicators. However, no research so far has compared the ecological efficiency of countries with similar productive structures and levels of economic complexity, and used this information to identify the best learning partners. This matters, because there are substantial differences in the environmental damage caused by the same product in different countries, and green diversification needs to be complemented by substantial efficiency improvements of existing products. In this article, we use data on 774 different types of exports, CO2 emissions, and the ecological footprint of 99 countries to create first a relative ecological pollution ranking (REPR). Then, we use methods from network science to reveal a benchmark network of the best learning partners based on country pairs with a large extent of export similarity, yet significant differences in pollution values. This is important because it helps to reveal adequate benchmark countries for efficiency improvements and sustainable production, considering that countries may specialize in substantially different types of economic activities. Finally, the article i) illustrates large efficiency improvements within current global output levels, ii) helps to identify countries that can best learn from each other, and iii) improves the information base in international negotiations for the sake of a cleaner global production system.Dominik HartmannDominik HartmannDominik HartmannDiogo FerrazDiogo FerrazDiogo FerrazMayra BezerraAndreas PykaFlávio L. PinheiroFrontiers Media S.A.articleeconomic complexitycleaner productioneco-efficiencycountry benchmark networkinternational learningEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENFrontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	economic complexity cleaner production eco-efficiency country benchmark network international learning Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	economic complexity cleaner production eco-efficiency country benchmark network international learning Environmental sciences GE1-350 Dominik Hartmann Dominik Hartmann Dominik Hartmann Diogo Ferraz Diogo Ferraz Diogo Ferraz Mayra Bezerra Andreas Pyka Flávio L. Pinheiro Comparing Cars With Apples? Identifying the Appropriate Benchmark Countries for Relative Ecological Pollution Rankings and International Learning
description	One of the most difficult tasks that economies face is how to generate economic growth without causing environmental damage. Research in economic complexity has provided new methods to reveal structural constraints and opportunities for green economic diversification and sophistication, as well as the effects of economic complexity on environmental pollution indicators. However, no research so far has compared the ecological efficiency of countries with similar productive structures and levels of economic complexity, and used this information to identify the best learning partners. This matters, because there are substantial differences in the environmental damage caused by the same product in different countries, and green diversification needs to be complemented by substantial efficiency improvements of existing products. In this article, we use data on 774 different types of exports, CO2 emissions, and the ecological footprint of 99 countries to create first a relative ecological pollution ranking (REPR). Then, we use methods from network science to reveal a benchmark network of the best learning partners based on country pairs with a large extent of export similarity, yet significant differences in pollution values. This is important because it helps to reveal adequate benchmark countries for efficiency improvements and sustainable production, considering that countries may specialize in substantially different types of economic activities. Finally, the article i) illustrates large efficiency improvements within current global output levels, ii) helps to identify countries that can best learn from each other, and iii) improves the information base in international negotiations for the sake of a cleaner global production system.
format	article
author	Dominik Hartmann Dominik Hartmann Dominik Hartmann Diogo Ferraz Diogo Ferraz Diogo Ferraz Mayra Bezerra Andreas Pyka Flávio L. Pinheiro
author_facet	Dominik Hartmann Dominik Hartmann Dominik Hartmann Diogo Ferraz Diogo Ferraz Diogo Ferraz Mayra Bezerra Andreas Pyka Flávio L. Pinheiro
author_sort	Dominik Hartmann
title	Comparing Cars With Apples? Identifying the Appropriate Benchmark Countries for Relative Ecological Pollution Rankings and International Learning
title_short	Comparing Cars With Apples? Identifying the Appropriate Benchmark Countries for Relative Ecological Pollution Rankings and International Learning
title_full	Comparing Cars With Apples? Identifying the Appropriate Benchmark Countries for Relative Ecological Pollution Rankings and International Learning
title_fullStr	Comparing Cars With Apples? Identifying the Appropriate Benchmark Countries for Relative Ecological Pollution Rankings and International Learning
title_full_unstemmed	Comparing Cars With Apples? Identifying the Appropriate Benchmark Countries for Relative Ecological Pollution Rankings and International Learning
title_sort	comparing cars with apples? identifying the appropriate benchmark countries for relative ecological pollution rankings and international learning
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/afafec39531743d7896ea2b242d62f65
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Comparing Cars With Apples? Identifying the Appropriate Benchmark Countries for Relative Ecological Pollution Rankings and International Learning

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