Expansion Microscopy Reveals Plasmodium falciparum Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein

The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum undergoes closed mitosis, which occurs within an intact nuclear envelope, and differs significantly from its human host. Mitosis is underpinned by the dynamics of microtubules and the nuclear envelope. To date, our abil...

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Autores principales:	Benjamin Liffner, Sabrina Absalon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Plasmodium</i> malaria apicomplexa nuclear division closed mitosis expansion microscopy Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/afbc2f8df0064711988723e31d141090
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:afbc2f8df0064711988723e31d1410902021-11-25T18:24:59ZExpansion Microscopy Reveals <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein10.3390/microorganisms91123062076-2607https://doaj.org/article/afbc2f8df0064711988723e31d1410902021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2306https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607The malaria parasite <i>Plasmodium</i> <i>falciparum</i> undergoes closed mitosis, which occurs within an intact nuclear envelope, and differs significantly from its human host. Mitosis is underpinned by the dynamics of microtubules and the nuclear envelope. To date, our ability to study <i>P. falciparum</i> mitosis by microscopy has been hindered by the small size of the <i>P. falciparum</i> nuclei. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) has recently been developed for <i>P. falciparum</i>, allowing the visualization of mitosis at the individual nucleus level. Using U-ExM, three intranuclear microtubule structures are observed: hemispindles, mitotic spindles, and interpolar spindles. A previous study demonstrated that the mini-chromosome maintenance complex binding-protein (MCMBP) depletion caused abnormal nuclear morphology and microtubule defects. To investigate the role of microtubules following MCMBP depletion and study the nuclear envelope in these parasites, we developed the first nuclear stain enabled by U-ExM in <i>P. falciparum</i><i>.</i> MCMBP-deficient parasites show aberrant hemispindles and mitotic spindles. Moreover, anaphase chromatin bridges and individual nuclei containing multiple microtubule structures were observed following MCMBP knockdown. Collectively, this study refines our understanding of MCMBP-deficient parasites and highlights the utility of U-ExM coupled with a nuclear envelope stain for studying mitosis in <i>P. falciparum</i>.Benjamin LiffnerSabrina AbsalonMDPI AGarticle<i>Plasmodium</i>malariaapicomplexanuclear divisionclosed mitosisexpansion microscopyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2306, p 2306 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Plasmodium</i> malaria apicomplexa nuclear division closed mitosis expansion microscopy Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>Plasmodium</i> malaria apicomplexa nuclear division closed mitosis expansion microscopy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Benjamin Liffner Sabrina Absalon Expansion Microscopy Reveals <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein
description	The malaria parasite <i>Plasmodium</i> <i>falciparum</i> undergoes closed mitosis, which occurs within an intact nuclear envelope, and differs significantly from its human host. Mitosis is underpinned by the dynamics of microtubules and the nuclear envelope. To date, our ability to study <i>P. falciparum</i> mitosis by microscopy has been hindered by the small size of the <i>P. falciparum</i> nuclei. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) has recently been developed for <i>P. falciparum</i>, allowing the visualization of mitosis at the individual nucleus level. Using U-ExM, three intranuclear microtubule structures are observed: hemispindles, mitotic spindles, and interpolar spindles. A previous study demonstrated that the mini-chromosome maintenance complex binding-protein (MCMBP) depletion caused abnormal nuclear morphology and microtubule defects. To investigate the role of microtubules following MCMBP depletion and study the nuclear envelope in these parasites, we developed the first nuclear stain enabled by U-ExM in <i>P. falciparum</i><i>.</i> MCMBP-deficient parasites show aberrant hemispindles and mitotic spindles. Moreover, anaphase chromatin bridges and individual nuclei containing multiple microtubule structures were observed following MCMBP knockdown. Collectively, this study refines our understanding of MCMBP-deficient parasites and highlights the utility of U-ExM coupled with a nuclear envelope stain for studying mitosis in <i>P. falciparum</i>.
format	article
author	Benjamin Liffner Sabrina Absalon
author_facet	Benjamin Liffner Sabrina Absalon
author_sort	Benjamin Liffner
title	Expansion Microscopy Reveals <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein
title_short	Expansion Microscopy Reveals <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein
title_full	Expansion Microscopy Reveals <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein
title_fullStr	Expansion Microscopy Reveals <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein
title_full_unstemmed	Expansion Microscopy Reveals <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein
title_sort	expansion microscopy reveals <i>plasmodium falciparum</i> blood-stage parasites undergo anaphase with a chromatin bridge in the absence of mini-chromosome maintenance complex binding protein
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/afbc2f8df0064711988723e31d141090
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Expansion Microscopy Reveals <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein

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