Underwater noise mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction

Abstract Commercial shipping is the dominant source of low-frequency noise in the ocean. It has been shown that the noise radiated by an individual vessel depends upon the vessel’s speed. This study quantified the reduction in source levels (SLs) and sound exposure levels (SELs) for ships participat...

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Autores principales:	Vanessa M. ZoBell, Kaitlin E. Frasier, Jessica A. Morten, Sean P. Hastings, Lindsey E. Peavey Reeves, Sean M. Wiggins, John A. Hildebrand
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/afbfe6ff3516408ab0a889515d7a4a8c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:afbfe6ff3516408ab0a889515d7a4a8c2021-12-02T15:15:40ZUnderwater noise mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction10.1038/s41598-021-96506-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/afbfe6ff3516408ab0a889515d7a4a8c2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96506-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Commercial shipping is the dominant source of low-frequency noise in the ocean. It has been shown that the noise radiated by an individual vessel depends upon the vessel’s speed. This study quantified the reduction in source levels (SLs) and sound exposure levels (SELs) for ships participating in two variations of a vessel speed reduction (VSR) program. SLs and SELs of individual ships participating in the program between 2014 and 2017 were statistically lower than non-participating ships (p < 0.001). In the 2018 fleet-based program, there were statistical differences between the SLs and SELs of fleets that participated with varying degrees of cooperation. Significant reductions in SL and SEL relied on cooperation of 25% or more in slowing vessel speed. This analysis highlights how slowing vessel speed to 10 knots or less is an effective method in reducing underwater noise emitted from commercial ships.Vanessa M. ZoBellKaitlin E. FrasierJessica A. MortenSean P. HastingsLindsey E. Peavey ReevesSean M. WigginsJohn A. HildebrandNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Vanessa M. ZoBell Kaitlin E. Frasier Jessica A. Morten Sean P. Hastings Lindsey E. Peavey Reeves Sean M. Wiggins John A. Hildebrand Underwater noise mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction
description	Abstract Commercial shipping is the dominant source of low-frequency noise in the ocean. It has been shown that the noise radiated by an individual vessel depends upon the vessel’s speed. This study quantified the reduction in source levels (SLs) and sound exposure levels (SELs) for ships participating in two variations of a vessel speed reduction (VSR) program. SLs and SELs of individual ships participating in the program between 2014 and 2017 were statistically lower than non-participating ships (p < 0.001). In the 2018 fleet-based program, there were statistical differences between the SLs and SELs of fleets that participated with varying degrees of cooperation. Significant reductions in SL and SEL relied on cooperation of 25% or more in slowing vessel speed. This analysis highlights how slowing vessel speed to 10 knots or less is an effective method in reducing underwater noise emitted from commercial ships.
format	article
author	Vanessa M. ZoBell Kaitlin E. Frasier Jessica A. Morten Sean P. Hastings Lindsey E. Peavey Reeves Sean M. Wiggins John A. Hildebrand
author_facet	Vanessa M. ZoBell Kaitlin E. Frasier Jessica A. Morten Sean P. Hastings Lindsey E. Peavey Reeves Sean M. Wiggins John A. Hildebrand
author_sort	Vanessa M. ZoBell
title	Underwater noise mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction
title_short	Underwater noise mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction
title_full	Underwater noise mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction
title_fullStr	Underwater noise mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction
title_full_unstemmed	Underwater noise mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction
title_sort	underwater noise mitigation in the santa barbara channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/afbfe6ff3516408ab0a889515d7a4a8c
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Underwater noise mitigation in the Santa Barbara Channel through incentive-based vessel speed reduction

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