Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.

Apicomplexa are intracellular parasites that cause important human diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. During host cell infection new parasites are formed through a budding process that parcels out nuclei and organelles into multiple daughters. Budding is remarkably flexible in output and...

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Autores principales:	Maria E Francia, Carly N Jordan, Jay D Patel, Lilach Sheiner, Jessica L Demerly, Justin D Fellows, Jessica Cruz de Leon, Naomi S Morrissette, Jean-François Dubremetz, Boris Striepen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/afd1d8a1dbc84f7dbc4aaa2bb4f9659d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:afd1d8a1dbc84f7dbc4aaa2bb4f9659d2021-11-18T05:37:20ZCell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001444https://doaj.org/article/afd1d8a1dbc84f7dbc4aaa2bb4f9659d2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23239939/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Apicomplexa are intracellular parasites that cause important human diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. During host cell infection new parasites are formed through a budding process that parcels out nuclei and organelles into multiple daughters. Budding is remarkably flexible in output and can produce two to thousands of progeny cells. How genomes and daughters are counted and coordinated is unknown. Apicomplexa evolved from single celled flagellated algae, but with the exception of the gametes, lack flagella. Here we demonstrate that a structure that in the algal ancestor served as the rootlet of the flagellar basal bodies is required for parasite cell division. Parasite striated fiber assemblins (SFA) polymerize into a dynamic fiber that emerges from the centrosomes immediately after their duplication. The fiber grows in a polarized fashion and daughter cells form at its distal tip. As the daughter cell is further elaborated it remains physically tethered at its apical end, the conoid and polar ring. Genetic experiments in Toxoplasma gondii demonstrate two essential components of the fiber, TgSFA2 and 3. In the absence of either of these proteins cytokinesis is blocked at its earliest point, the initiation of the daughter microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Mitosis remains unimpeded and mutant cells accumulate numerous nuclei but fail to form daughter cells. The SFA fiber provides a robust spatial and temporal organizer of parasite cell division, a process that appears hard-wired to the centrosome by multiple tethers. Our findings have broader evolutionary implications. We propose that Apicomplexa abandoned flagella for most stages yet retained the organizing principle of the flagellar MTOC. Instead of ensuring appropriate numbers of flagella, the system now positions the apical invasion complexes. This suggests that elements of the invasion apparatus may be derived from flagella or flagellum associated structures.Maria E FranciaCarly N JordanJay D PatelLilach SheinerJessica L DemerlyJustin D FellowsJessica Cruz de LeonNaomi S MorrissetteJean-François DubremetzBoris StriepenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 10, Iss 12, p e1001444 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Maria E Francia Carly N Jordan Jay D Patel Lilach Sheiner Jessica L Demerly Justin D Fellows Jessica Cruz de Leon Naomi S Morrissette Jean-François Dubremetz Boris Striepen Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.
description	Apicomplexa are intracellular parasites that cause important human diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. During host cell infection new parasites are formed through a budding process that parcels out nuclei and organelles into multiple daughters. Budding is remarkably flexible in output and can produce two to thousands of progeny cells. How genomes and daughters are counted and coordinated is unknown. Apicomplexa evolved from single celled flagellated algae, but with the exception of the gametes, lack flagella. Here we demonstrate that a structure that in the algal ancestor served as the rootlet of the flagellar basal bodies is required for parasite cell division. Parasite striated fiber assemblins (SFA) polymerize into a dynamic fiber that emerges from the centrosomes immediately after their duplication. The fiber grows in a polarized fashion and daughter cells form at its distal tip. As the daughter cell is further elaborated it remains physically tethered at its apical end, the conoid and polar ring. Genetic experiments in Toxoplasma gondii demonstrate two essential components of the fiber, TgSFA2 and 3. In the absence of either of these proteins cytokinesis is blocked at its earliest point, the initiation of the daughter microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Mitosis remains unimpeded and mutant cells accumulate numerous nuclei but fail to form daughter cells. The SFA fiber provides a robust spatial and temporal organizer of parasite cell division, a process that appears hard-wired to the centrosome by multiple tethers. Our findings have broader evolutionary implications. We propose that Apicomplexa abandoned flagella for most stages yet retained the organizing principle of the flagellar MTOC. Instead of ensuring appropriate numbers of flagella, the system now positions the apical invasion complexes. This suggests that elements of the invasion apparatus may be derived from flagella or flagellum associated structures.
format	article
author	Maria E Francia Carly N Jordan Jay D Patel Lilach Sheiner Jessica L Demerly Justin D Fellows Jessica Cruz de Leon Naomi S Morrissette Jean-François Dubremetz Boris Striepen
author_facet	Maria E Francia Carly N Jordan Jay D Patel Lilach Sheiner Jessica L Demerly Justin D Fellows Jessica Cruz de Leon Naomi S Morrissette Jean-François Dubremetz Boris Striepen
author_sort	Maria E Francia
title	Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.
title_short	Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.
title_full	Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.
title_fullStr	Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.
title_full_unstemmed	Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.
title_sort	cell division in apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/afd1d8a1dbc84f7dbc4aaa2bb4f9659d
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Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.

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