Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices

Abstract The interplay between the special triangular/hexagonal two dimensional lattice and the long range dipole–dipole interaction gives rise to topological defects, specifically the vortex, formed by a particular arrangement of the interacting classic dipoles. The nature of such vortices has been...

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Autor principal:	Josep Batle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/afecf11e86e64b60806a2a431be3d19f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:afecf11e86e64b60806a2a431be3d19f2021-12-02T10:54:06ZTopological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices10.1038/s41598-021-83359-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/afecf11e86e64b60806a2a431be3d19f2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83359-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The interplay between the special triangular/hexagonal two dimensional lattice and the long range dipole–dipole interaction gives rise to topological defects, specifically the vortex, formed by a particular arrangement of the interacting classic dipoles. The nature of such vortices has been traditionally explained on the basis of numerical evidence. Here we propose the emerging formation of vortices as the natural minimum energy configuration of interacting (in-plane) two-dimensional dipoles based on the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking. As opposed to the quantal case, where spin textures such as skyrmions or bimerons occur due to non-linearities in their Hamiltonian, it is still possible to witness classic topological structures due only to the nature of the dipole–dipole force. We shall present other (new) topological structures for the in-plane honeycomb lattice, as well as for two-dimensional out-of-plane dipoles. These structures will prove to be essential in the minimum energy configurations for three-dimensional simple hexagonal and hexagonal-closed-packed structures, whose energies in the bulk are obtained for the first time.Josep BatleNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Josep Batle Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
description	Abstract The interplay between the special triangular/hexagonal two dimensional lattice and the long range dipole–dipole interaction gives rise to topological defects, specifically the vortex, formed by a particular arrangement of the interacting classic dipoles. The nature of such vortices has been traditionally explained on the basis of numerical evidence. Here we propose the emerging formation of vortices as the natural minimum energy configuration of interacting (in-plane) two-dimensional dipoles based on the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking. As opposed to the quantal case, where spin textures such as skyrmions or bimerons occur due to non-linearities in their Hamiltonian, it is still possible to witness classic topological structures due only to the nature of the dipole–dipole force. We shall present other (new) topological structures for the in-plane honeycomb lattice, as well as for two-dimensional out-of-plane dipoles. These structures will prove to be essential in the minimum energy configurations for three-dimensional simple hexagonal and hexagonal-closed-packed structures, whose energies in the bulk are obtained for the first time.
format	article
author	Josep Batle
author_facet	Josep Batle
author_sort	Josep Batle
title	Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_short	Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_full	Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_fullStr	Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_full_unstemmed	Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_sort	topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/afecf11e86e64b60806a2a431be3d19f
work_keys_str_mv	AT josepbatle topologicalstructuresspontaneoussymmetrybreakingandenergyspectraindipolehexagonallattices
_version_	1718396490438672384

Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices

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