Male killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.

Male killing bacteria such as Spiroplasma are widespread pathogens of numerous arthropods including Drosophila melanogaster. These maternally transmitted bacteria can bias host sex ratios toward the female sex in order to 'selfishly' enhance bacterial transmission. However, little is known...

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Autores principales:	Jennifer Martin, Trisha Chong, Patrick M Ferree
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/afefe643e045434f9edc980ec9d622d3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:afefe643e045434f9edc980ec9d622d32021-11-18T08:46:47ZMale killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0079368https://doaj.org/article/afefe643e045434f9edc980ec9d622d32013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24236124/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Male killing bacteria such as Spiroplasma are widespread pathogens of numerous arthropods including Drosophila melanogaster. These maternally transmitted bacteria can bias host sex ratios toward the female sex in order to 'selfishly' enhance bacterial transmission. However, little is known about the specific means by which these pathogens disrupt host development in order to kill males. Here we show that a male-killing Spiroplasma strain severely disrupts nervous tissue development in male but not female D. melanogaster embryos. The neuroblasts, or neuron progenitors, form properly and their daughter cells differentiate into neurons of the ventral nerve chord. However, the neurons fail to pack together properly and they produce highly abnormal axons. In contrast, non-neural tissue, such as mesoderm, and body segmentation appear normal during this time, although the entire male embryo becomes highly abnormal during later stages. Finally, we found that Spiroplasma is altogether absent from the neural tissue but localizes within the gut and the epithelium immediately surrounding the neural tissue, suggesting that the bacterium secretes a toxin that affects neural tissue development across tissue boundaries. Together these findings demonstrate the unique ability of this insect pathogen to preferentially affect development of a specific embryonic tissue to induce male killing.Jennifer MartinTrisha ChongPatrick M FerreePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e79368 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jennifer Martin Trisha Chong Patrick M Ferree Male killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.
description	Male killing bacteria such as Spiroplasma are widespread pathogens of numerous arthropods including Drosophila melanogaster. These maternally transmitted bacteria can bias host sex ratios toward the female sex in order to 'selfishly' enhance bacterial transmission. However, little is known about the specific means by which these pathogens disrupt host development in order to kill males. Here we show that a male-killing Spiroplasma strain severely disrupts nervous tissue development in male but not female D. melanogaster embryos. The neuroblasts, or neuron progenitors, form properly and their daughter cells differentiate into neurons of the ventral nerve chord. However, the neurons fail to pack together properly and they produce highly abnormal axons. In contrast, non-neural tissue, such as mesoderm, and body segmentation appear normal during this time, although the entire male embryo becomes highly abnormal during later stages. Finally, we found that Spiroplasma is altogether absent from the neural tissue but localizes within the gut and the epithelium immediately surrounding the neural tissue, suggesting that the bacterium secretes a toxin that affects neural tissue development across tissue boundaries. Together these findings demonstrate the unique ability of this insect pathogen to preferentially affect development of a specific embryonic tissue to induce male killing.
format	article
author	Jennifer Martin Trisha Chong Patrick M Ferree
author_facet	Jennifer Martin Trisha Chong Patrick M Ferree
author_sort	Jennifer Martin
title	Male killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.
title_short	Male killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.
title_full	Male killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.
title_fullStr	Male killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.
title_full_unstemmed	Male killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.
title_sort	male killing spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the drosophila melanogaster embryo.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/afefe643e045434f9edc980ec9d622d3
work_keys_str_mv	AT jennifermartin malekillingspiroplasmapreferentiallydisruptsneuraldevelopmentinthedrosophilamelanogasterembryo AT trishachong malekillingspiroplasmapreferentiallydisruptsneuraldevelopmentinthedrosophilamelanogasterembryo AT patrickmferree malekillingspiroplasmapreferentiallydisruptsneuraldevelopmentinthedrosophilamelanogasterembryo
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Male killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.

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