Is the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?

A number of studies and meta-analyses conclude that aerobic fitness (walking) interventions improve cognition. Such interventions typically compare improvements from these interventions to an active control group in which participants engage in non-aerobic activities (typically stretching and toning...

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Autores principales:	Cary R Stothart, Daniel J Simons, Walter R Boot, Arthur F Kramer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b011f5629c7b475daa341adcb96c62ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b011f5629c7b475daa341adcb96c62ae2021-11-25T05:57:44ZIs the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0109557https://doaj.org/article/b011f5629c7b475daa341adcb96c62ae2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109557https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203A number of studies and meta-analyses conclude that aerobic fitness (walking) interventions improve cognition. Such interventions typically compare improvements from these interventions to an active control group in which participants engage in non-aerobic activities (typically stretching and toning) for an equivalent amount of time. However, in the absence of a double-blind design, the presence of an active control group does not necessarily control for placebo effects; participants might expect different amounts of improvement for the treatment and control interventions. We conducted a large survey to explore whether people expect greater cognitive benefits from an aerobic exercise intervention compared to a control intervention. If participants expect greater improvement following aerobic exercise, then the benefits of such interventions might be due in part to a placebo effect. In general, expectations did not differ between aerobic and non-aerobic interventions. If anything, some of the results suggest the opposite (e.g., respondents expected the control, non-aerobic intervention to yield bigger memory gains). These results provide the first evidence that cognitive improvements following aerobic fitness training are not due to differential expectations.Cary R StothartDaniel J SimonsWalter R BootArthur F KramerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e109557 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Cary R Stothart Daniel J Simons Walter R Boot Arthur F Kramer Is the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?
description	A number of studies and meta-analyses conclude that aerobic fitness (walking) interventions improve cognition. Such interventions typically compare improvements from these interventions to an active control group in which participants engage in non-aerobic activities (typically stretching and toning) for an equivalent amount of time. However, in the absence of a double-blind design, the presence of an active control group does not necessarily control for placebo effects; participants might expect different amounts of improvement for the treatment and control interventions. We conducted a large survey to explore whether people expect greater cognitive benefits from an aerobic exercise intervention compared to a control intervention. If participants expect greater improvement following aerobic exercise, then the benefits of such interventions might be due in part to a placebo effect. In general, expectations did not differ between aerobic and non-aerobic interventions. If anything, some of the results suggest the opposite (e.g., respondents expected the control, non-aerobic intervention to yield bigger memory gains). These results provide the first evidence that cognitive improvements following aerobic fitness training are not due to differential expectations.
format	article
author	Cary R Stothart Daniel J Simons Walter R Boot Arthur F Kramer
author_facet	Cary R Stothart Daniel J Simons Walter R Boot Arthur F Kramer
author_sort	Cary R Stothart
title	Is the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?
title_short	Is the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?
title_full	Is the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?
title_fullStr	Is the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?
title_full_unstemmed	Is the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?
title_sort	is the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/b011f5629c7b475daa341adcb96c62ae
work_keys_str_mv	AT caryrstothart istheeffectofaerobicexerciseoncognitionaplaceboeffect AT danieljsimons istheeffectofaerobicexerciseoncognitionaplaceboeffect AT walterrboot istheeffectofaerobicexerciseoncognitionaplaceboeffect AT arthurfkramer istheeffectofaerobicexerciseoncognitionaplaceboeffect
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Is the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition a placebo effect?

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