NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems
The development and utilization of a series of after-treatment devices in modern vehicles has led to an increase in emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and/or N<sub>2</sub>O with respect to the past. N<sub>2</sub>O is a long-lived greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting sub...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/b01911f4b1834c66bea7739a6a561ac3 |
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| Sumario: | The development and utilization of a series of after-treatment devices in modern vehicles has led to an increase in emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and/or N<sub>2</sub>O with respect to the past. N<sub>2</sub>O is a long-lived greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance, while NH<sub>3</sub> is a precursor of secondary aerosols in the atmosphere. Certain regions, e.g., the EU and the USA, have introduced limits to the emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O for vehicles tested in the laboratory. However, due to the lack of on-board systems that allow for the measurement of these compounds when the regulations were developed, these vehicles’ real-world emissions have not been regulated. This work evaluates on-board systems that could allow measuring real-world emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from heavy-duty vehicles. In particular, emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O from a Euro VI Step D urban/interurban bus fueled with Compressed Natural Gas were measured using the HORIBA’s OBS-ONE-XL, which is based on a specifically developed technique called Infrared Laser Absorption Modulation, and uses a Quantum Cascade Laser as a light source. They were also measured using the PEMS-LAB, which is a more conventional FTIR-based system. Emissions were measured under real-world driving conditions on the road and in a climatic test cell at different ambient temperatures. For most of the conditions tested, the on-board systems correlated well with a laboratory-grade FTIR used as reference. In addition, a good correlation with R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9 was found for the N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations measured by OBS-ONE-XL and PEMS-LAB during on-road testing. |
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