NH3 and N2O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems

The development and utilization of a series of after-treatment devices in modern vehicles has led to an increase in emissions of NH3 and/or N2O with respect to the past. N2O is a long-lived greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting sub...

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Autores principales:	Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa, Roberto Gioria, Tommaso Selleri, Velizara Lilova, Anastasios Melas, Yusuke Onishi, Jacopo Franzetti, Fabrizio Forloni, Adolfo Perujo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	transport emissions ammonia nitrous oxide portable emissions measurements Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b01911f4b1834c66bea7739a6a561ac3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b01911f4b1834c66bea7739a6a561ac32021-11-11T15:08:00ZNH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems10.3390/app1121100552076-3417https://doaj.org/article/b01911f4b1834c66bea7739a6a561ac32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10055https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417The development and utilization of a series of after-treatment devices in modern vehicles has led to an increase in emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and/or N<sub>2</sub>O with respect to the past. N<sub>2</sub>O is a long-lived greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance, while NH<sub>3</sub> is a precursor of secondary aerosols in the atmosphere. Certain regions, e.g., the EU and the USA, have introduced limits to the emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O for vehicles tested in the laboratory. However, due to the lack of on-board systems that allow for the measurement of these compounds when the regulations were developed, these vehicles’ real-world emissions have not been regulated. This work evaluates on-board systems that could allow measuring real-world emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from heavy-duty vehicles. In particular, emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O from a Euro VI Step D urban/interurban bus fueled with Compressed Natural Gas were measured using the HORIBA’s OBS-ONE-XL, which is based on a specifically developed technique called Infrared Laser Absorption Modulation, and uses a Quantum Cascade Laser as a light source. They were also measured using the PEMS-LAB, which is a more conventional FTIR-based system. Emissions were measured under real-world driving conditions on the road and in a climatic test cell at different ambient temperatures. For most of the conditions tested, the on-board systems correlated well with a laboratory-grade FTIR used as reference. In addition, a good correlation with R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9 was found for the N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations measured by OBS-ONE-XL and PEMS-LAB during on-road testing.Ricardo Suarez-BertoaRoberto GioriaTommaso SelleriVelizara LilovaAnastasios MelasYusuke OnishiJacopo FranzettiFabrizio ForloniAdolfo PerujoMDPI AGarticletransport emissionsammonianitrous oxideportable emissions measurementsTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10055, p 10055 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	transport emissions ammonia nitrous oxide portable emissions measurements Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	transport emissions ammonia nitrous oxide portable emissions measurements Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa Roberto Gioria Tommaso Selleri Velizara Lilova Anastasios Melas Yusuke Onishi Jacopo Franzetti Fabrizio Forloni Adolfo Perujo NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems
description	The development and utilization of a series of after-treatment devices in modern vehicles has led to an increase in emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and/or N<sub>2</sub>O with respect to the past. N<sub>2</sub>O is a long-lived greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance, while NH<sub>3</sub> is a precursor of secondary aerosols in the atmosphere. Certain regions, e.g., the EU and the USA, have introduced limits to the emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O for vehicles tested in the laboratory. However, due to the lack of on-board systems that allow for the measurement of these compounds when the regulations were developed, these vehicles’ real-world emissions have not been regulated. This work evaluates on-board systems that could allow measuring real-world emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from heavy-duty vehicles. In particular, emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub>O from a Euro VI Step D urban/interurban bus fueled with Compressed Natural Gas were measured using the HORIBA’s OBS-ONE-XL, which is based on a specifically developed technique called Infrared Laser Absorption Modulation, and uses a Quantum Cascade Laser as a light source. They were also measured using the PEMS-LAB, which is a more conventional FTIR-based system. Emissions were measured under real-world driving conditions on the road and in a climatic test cell at different ambient temperatures. For most of the conditions tested, the on-board systems correlated well with a laboratory-grade FTIR used as reference. In addition, a good correlation with R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9 was found for the N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations measured by OBS-ONE-XL and PEMS-LAB during on-road testing.
format	article
author	Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa Roberto Gioria Tommaso Selleri Velizara Lilova Anastasios Melas Yusuke Onishi Jacopo Franzetti Fabrizio Forloni Adolfo Perujo
author_facet	Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa Roberto Gioria Tommaso Selleri Velizara Lilova Anastasios Melas Yusuke Onishi Jacopo Franzetti Fabrizio Forloni Adolfo Perujo
author_sort	Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa
title	NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems
title_short	NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems
title_full	NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems
title_fullStr	NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems
title_full_unstemmed	NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems
title_sort	nh<sub>3</sub> and n<sub>2</sub>o real world emissions measurement from a cng heavy duty vehicle using on-board measurement systems
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b01911f4b1834c66bea7739a6a561ac3
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NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O Real World Emissions Measurement from a CNG Heavy Duty Vehicle Using On-Board Measurement Systems

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