Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Significance and Considerations within the Regulatory Framework of the USA

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging environmental crisis. Deemed <i>forever chemicals</i>, many congeners bioaccumulate and are incredibly persistent in the environment due to the presence of the strong carbon-fluorine covalent bonds. Notable PFAS compounds include...

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Autores principales:	Blake Langenbach, Mark Wilson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	perfluoroalkyl polyfluoroalkyl PFAS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b023d017a0f14b8f96ab2bb35c2d1395
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b023d017a0f14b8f96ab2bb35c2d13952021-11-11T16:17:36ZPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Significance and Considerations within the Regulatory Framework of the USA10.3390/ijerph1821111421660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/b023d017a0f14b8f96ab2bb35c2d13952021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11142https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging environmental crisis. Deemed <i>forever chemicals</i>, many congeners bioaccumulate and are incredibly persistent in the environment due to the presence of the strong carbon-fluorine covalent bonds. Notable PFAS compounds include perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and GenX. Robust toxicological knowledge exists for these substances, but regulatory decisions based on this knowledge has fallen behind. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has addressed this issue with the PFAS Action Plan and EPA Council on PFAS, but the regulatory framework is severely lacking. Currently, no federal regulations or standards exist. Many occupational and non-occupational human cohorts exist that can lend knowledge on the environmental implications of PFAS and associated health effects. Occupationally, firefighters face significant exposure risks due to use of PFAS containing aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) and personal protective equipment contamination. Non-occupationally, wastewater discharge in North Carolina led to chronic and widespread residential exposure to GenX via drinking water contamination. This public health review seeks to convey the current and future significance of PFAS as an environmental contaminate, to lend considerations on regulatory frameworks within the USA, and to help guide and promote the need for future epidemiological studies in order to tackle this environmental emergency. While the PFAS Action Plan creates a scientific and regulatory foundation, it is important to take these lessons and apply them to future environmental health issues.Blake LangenbachMark WilsonMDPI AGarticleperfluoroalkylpolyfluoroalkylPFASperfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA)MedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11142, p 11142 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	perfluoroalkyl polyfluoroalkyl PFAS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) Medicine R
spellingShingle	perfluoroalkyl polyfluoroalkyl PFAS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) Medicine R Blake Langenbach Mark Wilson Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Significance and Considerations within the Regulatory Framework of the USA
description	Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging environmental crisis. Deemed <i>forever chemicals</i>, many congeners bioaccumulate and are incredibly persistent in the environment due to the presence of the strong carbon-fluorine covalent bonds. Notable PFAS compounds include perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and GenX. Robust toxicological knowledge exists for these substances, but regulatory decisions based on this knowledge has fallen behind. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has addressed this issue with the PFAS Action Plan and EPA Council on PFAS, but the regulatory framework is severely lacking. Currently, no federal regulations or standards exist. Many occupational and non-occupational human cohorts exist that can lend knowledge on the environmental implications of PFAS and associated health effects. Occupationally, firefighters face significant exposure risks due to use of PFAS containing aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) and personal protective equipment contamination. Non-occupationally, wastewater discharge in North Carolina led to chronic and widespread residential exposure to GenX via drinking water contamination. This public health review seeks to convey the current and future significance of PFAS as an environmental contaminate, to lend considerations on regulatory frameworks within the USA, and to help guide and promote the need for future epidemiological studies in order to tackle this environmental emergency. While the PFAS Action Plan creates a scientific and regulatory foundation, it is important to take these lessons and apply them to future environmental health issues.
format	article
author	Blake Langenbach Mark Wilson
author_facet	Blake Langenbach Mark Wilson
author_sort	Blake Langenbach
title	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Significance and Considerations within the Regulatory Framework of the USA
title_short	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Significance and Considerations within the Regulatory Framework of the USA
title_full	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Significance and Considerations within the Regulatory Framework of the USA
title_fullStr	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Significance and Considerations within the Regulatory Framework of the USA
title_full_unstemmed	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Significance and Considerations within the Regulatory Framework of the USA
title_sort	per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas): significance and considerations within the regulatory framework of the usa
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b023d017a0f14b8f96ab2bb35c2d1395
work_keys_str_mv	AT blakelangenbach perandpolyfluoroalkylsubstancespfassignificanceandconsiderationswithintheregulatoryframeworkoftheusa AT markwilson perandpolyfluoroalkylsubstancespfassignificanceandconsiderationswithintheregulatoryframeworkoftheusa
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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Significance and Considerations within the Regulatory Framework of the USA

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