Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis.

<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aimed to investigate and compare the anatomical features of the nasolacrimal drainage system (NDS) in three brachycephalic dog breeds with those of normocephalic dogs, taking into account how the NDS was related to the malformed brachycephalic head.<h4>...

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Autores principales:	Sabine Sahr, André Dietrich, Gerhard Oechtering
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b055841640af4a109567b043b34aa3c7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b055841640af4a109567b043b34aa3c72021-12-02T20:08:27ZEvaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257020https://doaj.org/article/b055841640af4a109567b043b34aa3c72021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257020https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aimed to investigate and compare the anatomical features of the nasolacrimal drainage system (NDS) in three brachycephalic dog breeds with those of normocephalic dogs, taking into account how the NDS was related to the malformed brachycephalic head.<h4>Animals</h4>Fifty-one brachycephalic dogs were examined, comprising 23 Pugs, 18 French Bulldogs, and 10 English Bulldogs. Six normocephalic dogs of different breeds served as a comparison.<h4>Methods</h4>Computed tomographic dacryocystography was performed. Parameters such as length, angulation, and gradient were determined. Crossing of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) beneath the maxillary canine root, as well as the incidence of an accessory opening, were also analyzed.<h4>Results and conclusions</h4>In all three brachycephalic breeds, the NDS was grossly malformed. We regard this as a further consequence of exaggerated breeding for a short head conformation. While the length of the NLD was substantially reduced by 41 to 57 percent in brachycephalic dogs, their lacrimal canaliculi were two to three times as long as those of normocephalic dogs. Varying parts of the nasolacrimal drainage system followed an inverse direction in short-headed dogs, giving the entire nasolacrimal apparatus an anomalous U- or V-shaped appearance. The NLD exhibited a three to five times steeper alignment in brachycephalic dogs than in normocephalic ones. Obviously, this strong slope did not cause clinical symptoms only because there was an aberrant outflow pathway. The brachycephalic dogs consistently exhibited an accessory opening, through which most of fluid escaped into the posterior nasal cavity instead of through the common route into the nasal vestibule via the nasolacrimal ostia.Sabine SahrAndré DietrichGerhard OechteringPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257020 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sabine Sahr André Dietrich Gerhard Oechtering Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis.
description	<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aimed to investigate and compare the anatomical features of the nasolacrimal drainage system (NDS) in three brachycephalic dog breeds with those of normocephalic dogs, taking into account how the NDS was related to the malformed brachycephalic head.<h4>Animals</h4>Fifty-one brachycephalic dogs were examined, comprising 23 Pugs, 18 French Bulldogs, and 10 English Bulldogs. Six normocephalic dogs of different breeds served as a comparison.<h4>Methods</h4>Computed tomographic dacryocystography was performed. Parameters such as length, angulation, and gradient were determined. Crossing of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) beneath the maxillary canine root, as well as the incidence of an accessory opening, were also analyzed.<h4>Results and conclusions</h4>In all three brachycephalic breeds, the NDS was grossly malformed. We regard this as a further consequence of exaggerated breeding for a short head conformation. While the length of the NLD was substantially reduced by 41 to 57 percent in brachycephalic dogs, their lacrimal canaliculi were two to three times as long as those of normocephalic dogs. Varying parts of the nasolacrimal drainage system followed an inverse direction in short-headed dogs, giving the entire nasolacrimal apparatus an anomalous U- or V-shaped appearance. The NLD exhibited a three to five times steeper alignment in brachycephalic dogs than in normocephalic ones. Obviously, this strong slope did not cause clinical symptoms only because there was an aberrant outflow pathway. The brachycephalic dogs consistently exhibited an accessory opening, through which most of fluid escaped into the posterior nasal cavity instead of through the common route into the nasal vestibule via the nasolacrimal ostia.
format	article
author	Sabine Sahr André Dietrich Gerhard Oechtering
author_facet	Sabine Sahr André Dietrich Gerhard Oechtering
author_sort	Sabine Sahr
title	Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis.
title_short	Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis.
title_full	Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis.
title_fullStr	Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis.
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis.
title_sort	evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: a comparative computed tomography analysis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b055841640af4a109567b043b34aa3c7
work_keys_str_mv	AT sabinesahr evaluatingmalformationsofthelacrimaldrainagesysteminbrachycephalicdogbreedsacomparativecomputedtomographyanalysis AT andredietrich evaluatingmalformationsofthelacrimaldrainagesysteminbrachycephalicdogbreedsacomparativecomputedtomographyanalysis AT gerhardoechtering evaluatingmalformationsofthelacrimaldrainagesysteminbrachycephalicdogbreedsacomparativecomputedtomographyanalysis
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Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis.

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