Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study.
<h4>Background</h4>Food biodiversity, encompassing the variety of plants, animals, and other organisms consumed as food and drink, has intrinsic potential to underpin diverse, nutritious diets and improve Earth system resilience. Dietary species richness (DSR), which is recommended as a...
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Medicine R Giles T Hanley-Cook Inge Huybrechts Carine Biessy Roseline Remans Gina Kennedy Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy Kris A Murray Mathilde Touvier Guri Skeie Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot Alemayehu Argaw Corinne Casagrande Geneviève Nicolas Paolo Vineis Christopher J Millett Elisabete Weiderpass Pietro Ferrari Christina C Dahm H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Torkjel M Sandanger Daniel B Ibsen Heinz Freisling Stina Ramne Franziska Jannasch Yvonne T van der Schouw Matthias B Schulze Konstantinos K Tsilidis Anne Tjønneland Eva Ardanaz Stina Bodén Lluís Cirera Giuliana Gargano Jytte Halkjær Paula Jakszyn Ingegerd Johansson Verena Katzke Giovanna Masala Salvatore Panico Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco Carlotta Sacerdote Bernard Srour Rosario Tumino Elio Riboli Marc J Gunter Andrew D Jones Carl Lachat Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study. |
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<h4>Background</h4>Food biodiversity, encompassing the variety of plants, animals, and other organisms consumed as food and drink, has intrinsic potential to underpin diverse, nutritious diets and improve Earth system resilience. Dietary species richness (DSR), which is recommended as a crosscutting measure of food biodiversity, has been positively associated with the micronutrient adequacy of diets in women and young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the relationships between DSR and major health outcomes have yet to be assessed in any population.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We examined the associations between DSR and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality among 451,390 adults enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study (1992 to 2014, median follow-up: 17 years), free of cancer, diabetes, heart attack, or stroke at baseline. Usual dietary intakes were assessed at recruitment with country-specific dietary questionnaires (DQs). DSR of an individual's yearly diet was calculated based on the absolute number of unique biological species in each (composite) food and drink. Associations were assessed by fitting multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. In the EPIC cohort, 2 crops (common wheat and potato) and 2 animal species (cow and pig) accounted for approximately 45% of self-reported total dietary energy intake [median (P10-P90): 68 (40 to 83) species consumed per year]. Overall, higher DSR was inversely associated with all-cause mortality rate. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing total mortality in the second, third, fourth, and fifth (highest) quintiles (Qs) of DSR to the first (lowest) Q indicate significant inverse associations, after stratification by sex, age, and study center and adjustment for smoking status, educational level, marital status, physical activity, alcohol intake, and total energy intake, Mediterranean diet score, red and processed meat intake, and fiber intake [HR (95% CI): 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94), 0.80 (0.76 to 0.83), 0.69 (0.66 to 0.72), and 0.63 (0.59 to 0.66), respectively; PWald < 0.001 for trend]. Absolute death rates among participants in the highest and lowest fifth of DSR were 65.4 and 69.3 cases/10,000 person-years, respectively. Significant inverse associations were also observed between DSR and deaths due to cancer, heart disease, digestive disease, and respiratory disease. An important study limitation is that our findings were based on an observational cohort using self-reported dietary data obtained through single baseline food frequency questionnaires (FFQs); thus, exposure misclassification and residual confounding cannot be ruled out.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In this large Pan-European cohort, higher DSR was inversely associated with total and cause-specific mortality, independent of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and other known dietary risk factors. Our findings support the potential of food (species) biodiversity as a guiding principle of sustainable dietary recommendations and food-based dietary guidelines. |
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article |
author |
Giles T Hanley-Cook Inge Huybrechts Carine Biessy Roseline Remans Gina Kennedy Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy Kris A Murray Mathilde Touvier Guri Skeie Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot Alemayehu Argaw Corinne Casagrande Geneviève Nicolas Paolo Vineis Christopher J Millett Elisabete Weiderpass Pietro Ferrari Christina C Dahm H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Torkjel M Sandanger Daniel B Ibsen Heinz Freisling Stina Ramne Franziska Jannasch Yvonne T van der Schouw Matthias B Schulze Konstantinos K Tsilidis Anne Tjønneland Eva Ardanaz Stina Bodén Lluís Cirera Giuliana Gargano Jytte Halkjær Paula Jakszyn Ingegerd Johansson Verena Katzke Giovanna Masala Salvatore Panico Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco Carlotta Sacerdote Bernard Srour Rosario Tumino Elio Riboli Marc J Gunter Andrew D Jones Carl Lachat |
author_facet |
Giles T Hanley-Cook Inge Huybrechts Carine Biessy Roseline Remans Gina Kennedy Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy Kris A Murray Mathilde Touvier Guri Skeie Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot Alemayehu Argaw Corinne Casagrande Geneviève Nicolas Paolo Vineis Christopher J Millett Elisabete Weiderpass Pietro Ferrari Christina C Dahm H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Torkjel M Sandanger Daniel B Ibsen Heinz Freisling Stina Ramne Franziska Jannasch Yvonne T van der Schouw Matthias B Schulze Konstantinos K Tsilidis Anne Tjønneland Eva Ardanaz Stina Bodén Lluís Cirera Giuliana Gargano Jytte Halkjær Paula Jakszyn Ingegerd Johansson Verena Katzke Giovanna Masala Salvatore Panico Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco Carlotta Sacerdote Bernard Srour Rosario Tumino Elio Riboli Marc J Gunter Andrew D Jones Carl Lachat |
author_sort |
Giles T Hanley-Cook |
title |
Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study. |
title_short |
Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study. |
title_full |
Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study. |
title_fullStr |
Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study. |
title_sort |
food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 european countries: an analysis of a prospective cohort study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/b05ccfa2b9d14d7d8c87b33a22fff7b7 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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oai:doaj.org-article:b05ccfa2b9d14d7d8c87b33a22fff7b72021-12-02T19:55:35ZFood biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study.1549-12771549-167610.1371/journal.pmed.1003834https://doaj.org/article/b05ccfa2b9d14d7d8c87b33a22fff7b72021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003834https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1277https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1676<h4>Background</h4>Food biodiversity, encompassing the variety of plants, animals, and other organisms consumed as food and drink, has intrinsic potential to underpin diverse, nutritious diets and improve Earth system resilience. Dietary species richness (DSR), which is recommended as a crosscutting measure of food biodiversity, has been positively associated with the micronutrient adequacy of diets in women and young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the relationships between DSR and major health outcomes have yet to be assessed in any population.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We examined the associations between DSR and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality among 451,390 adults enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study (1992 to 2014, median follow-up: 17 years), free of cancer, diabetes, heart attack, or stroke at baseline. Usual dietary intakes were assessed at recruitment with country-specific dietary questionnaires (DQs). DSR of an individual's yearly diet was calculated based on the absolute number of unique biological species in each (composite) food and drink. Associations were assessed by fitting multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. In the EPIC cohort, 2 crops (common wheat and potato) and 2 animal species (cow and pig) accounted for approximately 45% of self-reported total dietary energy intake [median (P10-P90): 68 (40 to 83) species consumed per year]. Overall, higher DSR was inversely associated with all-cause mortality rate. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing total mortality in the second, third, fourth, and fifth (highest) quintiles (Qs) of DSR to the first (lowest) Q indicate significant inverse associations, after stratification by sex, age, and study center and adjustment for smoking status, educational level, marital status, physical activity, alcohol intake, and total energy intake, Mediterranean diet score, red and processed meat intake, and fiber intake [HR (95% CI): 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94), 0.80 (0.76 to 0.83), 0.69 (0.66 to 0.72), and 0.63 (0.59 to 0.66), respectively; PWald < 0.001 for trend]. Absolute death rates among participants in the highest and lowest fifth of DSR were 65.4 and 69.3 cases/10,000 person-years, respectively. Significant inverse associations were also observed between DSR and deaths due to cancer, heart disease, digestive disease, and respiratory disease. An important study limitation is that our findings were based on an observational cohort using self-reported dietary data obtained through single baseline food frequency questionnaires (FFQs); thus, exposure misclassification and residual confounding cannot be ruled out.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In this large Pan-European cohort, higher DSR was inversely associated with total and cause-specific mortality, independent of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and other known dietary risk factors. Our findings support the potential of food (species) biodiversity as a guiding principle of sustainable dietary recommendations and food-based dietary guidelines.Giles T Hanley-CookInge HuybrechtsCarine BiessyRoseline RemansGina KennedyMélanie Deschasaux-TanguyKris A MurrayMathilde TouvierGuri SkeieEmmanuelle Kesse-GuyotAlemayehu ArgawCorinne CasagrandeGeneviève NicolasPaolo VineisChristopher J MillettElisabete WeiderpassPietro FerrariChristina C DahmH Bas Bueno-de-MesquitaTorkjel M SandangerDaniel B IbsenHeinz FreislingStina RamneFranziska JannaschYvonne T van der SchouwMatthias B SchulzeKonstantinos K TsilidisAnne TjønnelandEva ArdanazStina BodénLluís CireraGiuliana GarganoJytte HalkjærPaula JakszynIngegerd JohanssonVerena KatzkeGiovanna MasalaSalvatore PanicoMiguel Rodriguez-BarrancoCarlotta SacerdoteBernard SrourRosario TuminoElio RiboliMarc J GunterAndrew D JonesCarl LachatPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRENPLoS Medicine, Vol 18, Iss 10, p e1003834 (2021) |