Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model

Introduction: Balloon angioplasty is a commonly applied procedure for treating atherosclerotic vascular diseases. However, the maintenance of long-term lumen patency is relatively difficult due to the occurrence of restenosis. Previous research has shown that the occurrence of vascular wall inflamma...

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Autores principales:	Genhuan Yang, Rong Zeng, Xitao Song, Changwei Liu, Leng Ni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	sophocarpine balloon injury vascular intima hyperplasia angioplasty Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b08f13ccb3ff4dd799f24848ce0b0fa7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b08f13ccb3ff4dd799f24848ce0b0fa72021-11-25T18:02:56ZSophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model10.3390/jcm102254492077-0383https://doaj.org/article/b08f13ccb3ff4dd799f24848ce0b0fa72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/22/5449https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Introduction: Balloon angioplasty is a commonly applied procedure for treating atherosclerotic vascular diseases. However, the maintenance of long-term lumen patency is relatively difficult due to the occurrence of restenosis. Previous research has shown that the occurrence of vascular wall inflammation is associated with higher rates of restenosis. Sophocarpine (SPC) can exert various therapeutic effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antivirus and immune regulation. This study aimed to investigate whether SPC can alleviate intimal hyperplasia following balloon injury in a rat carotid artery model. Methods: Twenty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (i) control, (ii) balloon injury, (iii) balloon injury followed by saline injection, and (iv) balloon injury followed by SPC administration. Each group contained five rats. A high-pressure balloon of 3 mm × 20 mm was placed in the carotid artery. The balloon was inflated to a pressure of 8 atmospheres to carry out rat carotid artery balloon injury model. The areas of neointimal and media were determined by Verhoeff_Van Gieson staining, and the intima-to-media (I:M) ratios were subsequently evaluated. After that, the protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and eNOS were measured. Results: The ratio of I:M was remarkably higher in the balloon injury group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). SPC could significantly decrease the ratio of I:M compared with the balloon injury group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Besides, the protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were increased in rat carotid arteries exposed to balloon injury (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and treatment with SPC could attenuate these effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, balloon injury inhibited the protein expression of eNOS (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and SPC could elevate its level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusions: SPC could alleviate an intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured carotid artery, and the mechanisms underlying this protective effect might be due to its inhibitory potency against inflammation signals. Our study also implies the potential applicability of SPC in treating restenosis after balloon angioplasty.Genhuan YangRong ZengXitao SongChangwei LiuLeng NiMDPI AGarticlesophocarpineballoon injuryvascularintima hyperplasiaangioplastyMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5449, p 5449 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sophocarpine balloon injury vascular intima hyperplasia angioplasty Medicine R
spellingShingle	sophocarpine balloon injury vascular intima hyperplasia angioplasty Medicine R Genhuan Yang Rong Zeng Xitao Song Changwei Liu Leng Ni Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model
description	Introduction: Balloon angioplasty is a commonly applied procedure for treating atherosclerotic vascular diseases. However, the maintenance of long-term lumen patency is relatively difficult due to the occurrence of restenosis. Previous research has shown that the occurrence of vascular wall inflammation is associated with higher rates of restenosis. Sophocarpine (SPC) can exert various therapeutic effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antivirus and immune regulation. This study aimed to investigate whether SPC can alleviate intimal hyperplasia following balloon injury in a rat carotid artery model. Methods: Twenty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (i) control, (ii) balloon injury, (iii) balloon injury followed by saline injection, and (iv) balloon injury followed by SPC administration. Each group contained five rats. A high-pressure balloon of 3 mm × 20 mm was placed in the carotid artery. The balloon was inflated to a pressure of 8 atmospheres to carry out rat carotid artery balloon injury model. The areas of neointimal and media were determined by Verhoeff_Van Gieson staining, and the intima-to-media (I:M) ratios were subsequently evaluated. After that, the protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and eNOS were measured. Results: The ratio of I:M was remarkably higher in the balloon injury group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). SPC could significantly decrease the ratio of I:M compared with the balloon injury group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Besides, the protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were increased in rat carotid arteries exposed to balloon injury (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and treatment with SPC could attenuate these effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, balloon injury inhibited the protein expression of eNOS (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and SPC could elevate its level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusions: SPC could alleviate an intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured carotid artery, and the mechanisms underlying this protective effect might be due to its inhibitory potency against inflammation signals. Our study also implies the potential applicability of SPC in treating restenosis after balloon angioplasty.
format	article
author	Genhuan Yang Rong Zeng Xitao Song Changwei Liu Leng Ni
author_facet	Genhuan Yang Rong Zeng Xitao Song Changwei Liu Leng Ni
author_sort	Genhuan Yang
title	Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model
title_short	Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model
title_full	Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model
title_fullStr	Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model
title_full_unstemmed	Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model
title_sort	sophocarpine alleviates injury-induced intima hyperplasia of carotid arteries by suppressing inflammation in a rat model
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b08f13ccb3ff4dd799f24848ce0b0fa7
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Sophocarpine Alleviates Injury-Induced Intima Hyperplasia of Carotid Arteries by Suppressing Inflammation in a Rat Model

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