Influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.

Experimental grinding has been used to study the relationship between human humeral robusticity and cereal grinding in the early Holocene. However, such replication studies raise two questions regarding the robusticity of the results: whether female nonathletes used in previous research are sufficie...

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Autores principales:	Michal Struška, Martin Hora, Thomas R Rocek, Vladimír Sládek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b08fe41091c649be973f154195b01f88
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b08fe41091c649be973f154195b01f882021-12-02T20:14:52ZInfluence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0243669https://doaj.org/article/b08fe41091c649be973f154195b01f882021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243669https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Experimental grinding has been used to study the relationship between human humeral robusticity and cereal grinding in the early Holocene. However, such replication studies raise two questions regarding the robusticity of the results: whether female nonathletes used in previous research are sufficiently comparable to early agricultural females, and whether previous analysis of muscle activation of only four upper limb muscles is sufficient to capture the stress of cereal grinding on upper limb bones. We test the influence of both of these factors. Electromyographic activity of eight upper limb muscles was recorded during cereal grinding in an athletic sample of 10 female rowers and in 25 female nonathletes and analyzed using both an eight- and four-muscle model. Athletes had lower activation than nonathletes in the majority of measured muscles, but except for posterior deltoid these differences were non-significant. Furthermore, both athletes and nonathletes had lower muscle activation during saddle quern grinding than rotary quern grinding suggesting that the nonathletes can be used to model early agricultural females during saddle and rotary quern grinding. Similarly, in both eight- and four-muscle models, upper limb loading was lower during saddle quern grinding than during rotary quern grinding, suggesting that the upper limb muscles may be reduced to the previously used four-muscle model for evaluation of the upper limb loading during cereal grinding. Another implication of our measurements is to question the assumption that skeletal indicators of high involvement of the biceps brachii muscle can be interpreted as specifically indicative of saddle quern grinding.Michal StruškaMartin HoraThomas R RocekVladimír SládekPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0243669 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michal Struška Martin Hora Thomas R Rocek Vladimír Sládek Influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.
description	Experimental grinding has been used to study the relationship between human humeral robusticity and cereal grinding in the early Holocene. However, such replication studies raise two questions regarding the robusticity of the results: whether female nonathletes used in previous research are sufficiently comparable to early agricultural females, and whether previous analysis of muscle activation of only four upper limb muscles is sufficient to capture the stress of cereal grinding on upper limb bones. We test the influence of both of these factors. Electromyographic activity of eight upper limb muscles was recorded during cereal grinding in an athletic sample of 10 female rowers and in 25 female nonathletes and analyzed using both an eight- and four-muscle model. Athletes had lower activation than nonathletes in the majority of measured muscles, but except for posterior deltoid these differences were non-significant. Furthermore, both athletes and nonathletes had lower muscle activation during saddle quern grinding than rotary quern grinding suggesting that the nonathletes can be used to model early agricultural females during saddle and rotary quern grinding. Similarly, in both eight- and four-muscle models, upper limb loading was lower during saddle quern grinding than during rotary quern grinding, suggesting that the upper limb muscles may be reduced to the previously used four-muscle model for evaluation of the upper limb loading during cereal grinding. Another implication of our measurements is to question the assumption that skeletal indicators of high involvement of the biceps brachii muscle can be interpreted as specifically indicative of saddle quern grinding.
format	article
author	Michal Struška Martin Hora Thomas R Rocek Vladimír Sládek
author_facet	Michal Struška Martin Hora Thomas R Rocek Vladimír Sládek
author_sort	Michal Struška
title	Influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.
title_short	Influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.
title_full	Influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.
title_fullStr	Influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.
title_sort	influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b08fe41091c649be973f154195b01f88
work_keys_str_mv	AT michalstruska influenceofupperlimbtrainingandanalyzedmusclesonestimateofphysicalactivityduringcerealgrindingusingsaddlequernandrotaryquern AT martinhora influenceofupperlimbtrainingandanalyzedmusclesonestimateofphysicalactivityduringcerealgrindingusingsaddlequernandrotaryquern AT thomasrrocek influenceofupperlimbtrainingandanalyzedmusclesonestimateofphysicalactivityduringcerealgrindingusingsaddlequernandrotaryquern AT vladimirsladek influenceofupperlimbtrainingandanalyzedmusclesonestimateofphysicalactivityduringcerealgrindingusingsaddlequernandrotaryquern
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Influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern.

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