Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Undulatory Underwater Swimming Positions Based on Multi-Body Motion Numerical Simulation Method

The study of hydrodynamic characteristics of swimming is the main way to optimize the swimming movement. The relationship between position, water depth, and swimming performance of undulatory underwater swimming are one of the main concerns of scholars. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze...

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Autores principales:	Jin Yang, Tianzeng Li, Zhiya Chen, Chuan Zuo, Xiaodong Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	water depth water surface computational fluid dynamic hydrodynamic characteristic swimming performance Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b090f2d7759544e2bd03bb5e29603736
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b090f2d7759544e2bd03bb5e296037362021-11-25T17:52:34ZHydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Undulatory Underwater Swimming Positions Based on Multi-Body Motion Numerical Simulation Method10.3390/ijerph1822122631660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/b090f2d7759544e2bd03bb5e296037362021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12263https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601The study of hydrodynamic characteristics of swimming is the main way to optimize the swimming movement. The relationship between position, water depth, and swimming performance of undulatory underwater swimming are one of the main concerns of scholars. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the swimming performance of three different undulatory underwater swimming positions under various swimming depths using a numerical simulation method based on multi-body motion. The simulation was conducted using 3D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations using the RNG <i>k-ε</i> turbulence closure equations, and in combination with the VOF method thus that we could include the water surface in our calculations. Different swimming depths based on the distance from the shoulder joint center to the initial water surface were considered. The velocity of the shoulder joint center was captured with a swimming motion monitoring system (KiSwim) and compared with the calculated results. The study found that there was a significant difference in the hydrodynamic characteristics of the three undulatory underwater swimming positions (i.e., the dorsal, lateral, and frontal positions) when swimming near the water surface, and the difference decreased as the swimming depth increased. There was a negative correlation (R(dorsal) = −0.928, R(frontal) = −0.937, R(lateral) = −0.930) between the swimming velocities of the three undulatory underwater swimming positions and the water depth (water depth = 0.2–0.7 m) and that the lateral position had the greatest average velocity. Therefore, it is recommended that swimmers travel at least 0.5 m below the water surface in any undulatory underwater swimming position in order to avoid excessive drag forces. As the swimmer approaches the water surface, the lateral position is worth considering, which has better velocity and hydrodynamic advantage than the other two undulatory underwater swimming positions.Jin YangTianzeng LiZhiya ChenChuan ZuoXiaodong LiMDPI AGarticlewater depthwater surfacecomputational fluid dynamichydrodynamic characteristicswimming performanceMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12263, p 12263 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	water depth water surface computational fluid dynamic hydrodynamic characteristic swimming performance Medicine R
spellingShingle	water depth water surface computational fluid dynamic hydrodynamic characteristic swimming performance Medicine R Jin Yang Tianzeng Li Zhiya Chen Chuan Zuo Xiaodong Li Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Undulatory Underwater Swimming Positions Based on Multi-Body Motion Numerical Simulation Method
description	The study of hydrodynamic characteristics of swimming is the main way to optimize the swimming movement. The relationship between position, water depth, and swimming performance of undulatory underwater swimming are one of the main concerns of scholars. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the swimming performance of three different undulatory underwater swimming positions under various swimming depths using a numerical simulation method based on multi-body motion. The simulation was conducted using 3D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations using the RNG <i>k-ε</i> turbulence closure equations, and in combination with the VOF method thus that we could include the water surface in our calculations. Different swimming depths based on the distance from the shoulder joint center to the initial water surface were considered. The velocity of the shoulder joint center was captured with a swimming motion monitoring system (KiSwim) and compared with the calculated results. The study found that there was a significant difference in the hydrodynamic characteristics of the three undulatory underwater swimming positions (i.e., the dorsal, lateral, and frontal positions) when swimming near the water surface, and the difference decreased as the swimming depth increased. There was a negative correlation (R(dorsal) = −0.928, R(frontal) = −0.937, R(lateral) = −0.930) between the swimming velocities of the three undulatory underwater swimming positions and the water depth (water depth = 0.2–0.7 m) and that the lateral position had the greatest average velocity. Therefore, it is recommended that swimmers travel at least 0.5 m below the water surface in any undulatory underwater swimming position in order to avoid excessive drag forces. As the swimmer approaches the water surface, the lateral position is worth considering, which has better velocity and hydrodynamic advantage than the other two undulatory underwater swimming positions.
format	article
author	Jin Yang Tianzeng Li Zhiya Chen Chuan Zuo Xiaodong Li
author_facet	Jin Yang Tianzeng Li Zhiya Chen Chuan Zuo Xiaodong Li
author_sort	Jin Yang
title	Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Undulatory Underwater Swimming Positions Based on Multi-Body Motion Numerical Simulation Method
title_short	Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Undulatory Underwater Swimming Positions Based on Multi-Body Motion Numerical Simulation Method
title_full	Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Undulatory Underwater Swimming Positions Based on Multi-Body Motion Numerical Simulation Method
title_fullStr	Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Undulatory Underwater Swimming Positions Based on Multi-Body Motion Numerical Simulation Method
title_full_unstemmed	Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Undulatory Underwater Swimming Positions Based on Multi-Body Motion Numerical Simulation Method
title_sort	hydrodynamic characteristics of different undulatory underwater swimming positions based on multi-body motion numerical simulation method
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b090f2d7759544e2bd03bb5e29603736
work_keys_str_mv	AT jinyang hydrodynamiccharacteristicsofdifferentundulatoryunderwaterswimmingpositionsbasedonmultibodymotionnumericalsimulationmethod AT tianzengli hydrodynamiccharacteristicsofdifferentundulatoryunderwaterswimmingpositionsbasedonmultibodymotionnumericalsimulationmethod AT zhiyachen hydrodynamiccharacteristicsofdifferentundulatoryunderwaterswimmingpositionsbasedonmultibodymotionnumericalsimulationmethod AT chuanzuo hydrodynamiccharacteristicsofdifferentundulatoryunderwaterswimmingpositionsbasedonmultibodymotionnumericalsimulationmethod AT xiaodongli hydrodynamiccharacteristicsofdifferentundulatoryunderwaterswimmingpositionsbasedonmultibodymotionnumericalsimulationmethod
_version_	1718411941403164672

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Undulatory Underwater Swimming Positions Based on Multi-Body Motion Numerical Simulation Method

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