A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.

Microbe- or host damage-derived patterns mediate activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Microbial virulence factor (effector)-triggered immunity (ETI) constitutes a second layer of plant protection against microbial attack. Various necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-l...

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Autores principales:	Hannah Böhm, Isabell Albert, Stan Oome, Tom M Raaymakers, Guido Van den Ackerveken, Thorsten Nürnberger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b10e2e4881234c7094d918c01cd19323
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b10e2e4881234c7094d918c01cd193232021-11-25T05:45:53ZA conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1004491https://doaj.org/article/b10e2e4881234c7094d918c01cd193232014-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004491https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Microbe- or host damage-derived patterns mediate activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Microbial virulence factor (effector)-triggered immunity (ETI) constitutes a second layer of plant protection against microbial attack. Various necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) produced by bacterial, oomycete and fungal microbes are phytotoxic virulence factors that exert immunogenic activities through phytotoxin-induced host cell damage. We here show that multiple cytotoxic NLPs also carry a pattern of 20 amino acid residues (nlp20) that triggers immunity-associated plant defenses and immunity to microbial infection in Arabidopsis thaliana and related plant species with similar characteristics as the prototype pattern, bacterial flagellin. Characteristic differences in flagellin and nlp20 plant responses exist however, as nlp20s fail to trigger extracellular alkalinization in Arabidopsis cell suspensions and seedling growth inhibition. Immunogenic nlp20 peptide motifs are frequently found in bacterial, oomycete and fungal NLPs. Such an unusually broad taxonomic distribution within three phylogenetic kingdoms is unprecedented among microbe-derived triggers of immune responses in either metazoans or plants. Our findings suggest that cytotoxic NLPs carrying immunogenic nlp20 motifs trigger PTI in two ways as typical patterns and by inflicting host cell damage. We further propose that conserved structures within a microbial virulence factor might have driven the emergence of a plant pattern recognition system mediating PTI. As this is reminiscent of the evolution of immune receptors mediating ETI, our findings support the idea that there is a continuum between PTI and ETI.Hannah BöhmIsabell AlbertStan OomeTom M RaaymakersGuido Van den AckervekenThorsten NürnbergerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 11, p e1004491 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Hannah Böhm Isabell Albert Stan Oome Tom M Raaymakers Guido Van den Ackerveken Thorsten Nürnberger A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.
description	Microbe- or host damage-derived patterns mediate activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Microbial virulence factor (effector)-triggered immunity (ETI) constitutes a second layer of plant protection against microbial attack. Various necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) produced by bacterial, oomycete and fungal microbes are phytotoxic virulence factors that exert immunogenic activities through phytotoxin-induced host cell damage. We here show that multiple cytotoxic NLPs also carry a pattern of 20 amino acid residues (nlp20) that triggers immunity-associated plant defenses and immunity to microbial infection in Arabidopsis thaliana and related plant species with similar characteristics as the prototype pattern, bacterial flagellin. Characteristic differences in flagellin and nlp20 plant responses exist however, as nlp20s fail to trigger extracellular alkalinization in Arabidopsis cell suspensions and seedling growth inhibition. Immunogenic nlp20 peptide motifs are frequently found in bacterial, oomycete and fungal NLPs. Such an unusually broad taxonomic distribution within three phylogenetic kingdoms is unprecedented among microbe-derived triggers of immune responses in either metazoans or plants. Our findings suggest that cytotoxic NLPs carrying immunogenic nlp20 motifs trigger PTI in two ways as typical patterns and by inflicting host cell damage. We further propose that conserved structures within a microbial virulence factor might have driven the emergence of a plant pattern recognition system mediating PTI. As this is reminiscent of the evolution of immune receptors mediating ETI, our findings support the idea that there is a continuum between PTI and ETI.
format	article
author	Hannah Böhm Isabell Albert Stan Oome Tom M Raaymakers Guido Van den Ackerveken Thorsten Nürnberger
author_facet	Hannah Böhm Isabell Albert Stan Oome Tom M Raaymakers Guido Van den Ackerveken Thorsten Nürnberger
author_sort	Hannah Böhm
title	A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.
title_short	A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.
title_full	A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.
title_fullStr	A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.
title_full_unstemmed	A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.
title_sort	conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in arabidopsis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/b10e2e4881234c7094d918c01cd19323
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A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.

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