Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods

Abstract This paper describes the analysis of two near-spherical metallic inclusions partially incorporated within two Roman raw glass slags in order to elucidate the process that induced their formation and to determine whether their presence was related to ancient glass colouring processes. The th...

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Autores principales:	Francesca Di Turo, Giulia Moro, Alessia Artesani, Fauzia Albertin, Matteo Bettuzzi, Davide Cristofori, Ligia Maria Moretto, Arianna Traviglia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b10f7967f4ae4cc4914fdc2e38745978
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b10f7967f4ae4cc4914fdc2e387459782021-12-02T15:49:35ZChemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods10.1038/s41598-021-90541-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b10f7967f4ae4cc4914fdc2e387459782021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90541-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract This paper describes the analysis of two near-spherical metallic inclusions partially incorporated within two Roman raw glass slags in order to elucidate the process that induced their formation and to determine whether their presence was related to ancient glass colouring processes. The theory of metallic scraps or powder being used in Roman times for glass-making and colouring purposes is widely accepted by the archaeological scientific community, although the assumption has been mainly based on oral traditions and documented medieval practices of glass processing. The analysis of the two inclusions, carried out by X-ray computed tomography, electrochemical analyses, and scanning electron microscopy, revealed their material composition, corrosion and internal structure. Results indicate that the two metallic bodies originated when, during the melting phase of glass, metal scraps were added to colour the material: the colloidal metal–glass system reached then a supersaturation condition and the latter ultimately induced metal expulsion and agglomeration. According to the authors’ knowledge, these two inclusions represent the first documented and studied finds directly associated with the ancient practise of adding metallic agents to colour glass, and their analysis provides clear insights into the use of metallic waste in the glass colouring process.Francesca Di TuroGiulia MoroAlessia ArtesaniFauzia AlbertinMatteo BettuzziDavide CristoforiLigia Maria MorettoArianna TravigliaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Francesca Di Turo Giulia Moro Alessia Artesani Fauzia Albertin Matteo Bettuzzi Davide Cristofori Ligia Maria Moretto Arianna Traviglia Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods
description	Abstract This paper describes the analysis of two near-spherical metallic inclusions partially incorporated within two Roman raw glass slags in order to elucidate the process that induced their formation and to determine whether their presence was related to ancient glass colouring processes. The theory of metallic scraps or powder being used in Roman times for glass-making and colouring purposes is widely accepted by the archaeological scientific community, although the assumption has been mainly based on oral traditions and documented medieval practices of glass processing. The analysis of the two inclusions, carried out by X-ray computed tomography, electrochemical analyses, and scanning electron microscopy, revealed their material composition, corrosion and internal structure. Results indicate that the two metallic bodies originated when, during the melting phase of glass, metal scraps were added to colour the material: the colloidal metal–glass system reached then a supersaturation condition and the latter ultimately induced metal expulsion and agglomeration. According to the authors’ knowledge, these two inclusions represent the first documented and studied finds directly associated with the ancient practise of adding metallic agents to colour glass, and their analysis provides clear insights into the use of metallic waste in the glass colouring process.
format	article
author	Francesca Di Turo Giulia Moro Alessia Artesani Fauzia Albertin Matteo Bettuzzi Davide Cristofori Ligia Maria Moretto Arianna Traviglia
author_facet	Francesca Di Turo Giulia Moro Alessia Artesani Fauzia Albertin Matteo Bettuzzi Davide Cristofori Ligia Maria Moretto Arianna Traviglia
author_sort	Francesca Di Turo
title	Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods
title_short	Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods
title_full	Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods
title_fullStr	Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods
title_full_unstemmed	Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods
title_sort	chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b10f7967f4ae4cc4914fdc2e38745978
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Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods

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