Effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils

Abstract The marigolds (Tagetes spp.) in this study were classified as excluders for cadmium (Cd); however, their leaves also accumulated substantial Cd content. Among the experimental treatments (i.e., control, cattle manure, pig manure, and leonardite which served as soil amendments), pig manure r...

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Autores principales:	Alapha Thongchai, Weeradej Meeinkuirt, Puntaree Taeprayoon, Isma-ae Chelong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b12339c4982941f19b30d70273162ba0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b12339c4982941f19b30d70273162ba02021-12-02T17:06:31ZEffects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils10.1038/s41598-021-95467-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b12339c4982941f19b30d70273162ba02021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95467-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The marigolds (Tagetes spp.) in this study were classified as excluders for cadmium (Cd); however, their leaves also accumulated substantial Cd content. Among the experimental treatments (i.e., control, cattle manure, pig manure, and leonardite which served as soil amendments), pig manure resulted in significantly increased growth performance for all marigold cultivars as seen by relative growth rates (119–132.3%) and showed positive effects on leaf anatomy modifications, e.g., thickness of spongy and palisade mesophyll, size of vein area and diameter of xylem cells. This may be due to substantially higher essential nutrient content, e.g., total nitrogen (N) and extractable phosphorus (P), in pig manure that aided all marigold cultivars, particularly the French cultivar which exhibited the highest relative growth rate (132.3%). In the Cd-only treatment, cell disorganization was observed in vascular bundles as well as in palisade and spongy mesophyll, which may have been responsible for the lowest plant growth performance recorded in this study, particularly among the American and Honey cultivars (RGR = 73% and 77.3%, respectively).Alapha ThongchaiWeeradej MeeinkuirtPuntaree TaeprayoonIsma-ae ChelongNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alapha Thongchai Weeradej Meeinkuirt Puntaree Taeprayoon Isma-ae Chelong Effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils
description	Abstract The marigolds (Tagetes spp.) in this study were classified as excluders for cadmium (Cd); however, their leaves also accumulated substantial Cd content. Among the experimental treatments (i.e., control, cattle manure, pig manure, and leonardite which served as soil amendments), pig manure resulted in significantly increased growth performance for all marigold cultivars as seen by relative growth rates (119–132.3%) and showed positive effects on leaf anatomy modifications, e.g., thickness of spongy and palisade mesophyll, size of vein area and diameter of xylem cells. This may be due to substantially higher essential nutrient content, e.g., total nitrogen (N) and extractable phosphorus (P), in pig manure that aided all marigold cultivars, particularly the French cultivar which exhibited the highest relative growth rate (132.3%). In the Cd-only treatment, cell disorganization was observed in vascular bundles as well as in palisade and spongy mesophyll, which may have been responsible for the lowest plant growth performance recorded in this study, particularly among the American and Honey cultivars (RGR = 73% and 77.3%, respectively).
format	article
author	Alapha Thongchai Weeradej Meeinkuirt Puntaree Taeprayoon Isma-ae Chelong
author_facet	Alapha Thongchai Weeradej Meeinkuirt Puntaree Taeprayoon Isma-ae Chelong
author_sort	Alapha Thongchai
title	Effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils
title_short	Effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils
title_full	Effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils
title_fullStr	Effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils
title_sort	effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b12339c4982941f19b30d70273162ba0
work_keys_str_mv	AT alaphathongchai effectsofsoilamendmentsonleafanatomicalcharacteristicsofmarigoldscultivatedincadmiumspikedsoils AT weeradejmeeinkuirt effectsofsoilamendmentsonleafanatomicalcharacteristicsofmarigoldscultivatedincadmiumspikedsoils AT puntareetaeprayoon effectsofsoilamendmentsonleafanatomicalcharacteristicsofmarigoldscultivatedincadmiumspikedsoils AT ismaaechelong effectsofsoilamendmentsonleafanatomicalcharacteristicsofmarigoldscultivatedincadmiumspikedsoils
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Effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils

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