Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder, and in many children, ADHD is thought to be aggravated by a deficit in executive functions (EFs). This study tried to establish whether commonly used neuropsychological tests of EF also predicted the core symptoms of ADH...

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Autores principales:	Tshikani T. Boshomane, Basil J. Pillay, Anneke Meyer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	AOSIS 2021
Materias:	adhd executive functions hyperactivity/impulsiveness inattention neuropsychological tests Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b12c56ca1ae148bcb43c556745b1a479
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b12c56ca1ae148bcb43c556745b1a4792021-11-24T07:34:44ZMeasures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms2707-16182617-279810.4102/ajopa.v3i0.48https://doaj.org/article/b12c56ca1ae148bcb43c556745b1a4792021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ajopa.org/index.php/ajopa/article/view/48https://doaj.org/toc/2707-1618https://doaj.org/toc/2617-2798Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder, and in many children, ADHD is thought to be aggravated by a deficit in executive functions (EFs). This study tried to establish whether commonly used neuropsychological tests of EF also predicted the core symptoms of ADHD, namely hyperactivity/impulsiveness (H/I) and inattention, as well as total ADHD symptomatology, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). The participants were children from the Limpopo province, South Africa, aged from 6 to 15 years (M = 11.7 years; SD = 1.7). One hundred and fifty-six children (51.3% girls) were assessed by neuropsychological tests of EFs: the Tower of London (ToL), Digits Forward and Digits Backward, Trails-A and Trails-B and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Forward stepwise regression analysis was employed to predict H/I and inattention, as well as total ADHD symptomatology, based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. All the tests, except Trails-A, were found to predict ADHD symptomatology. The WCST (total errors) was the best predictor of all the ADHD symptoms and also for H/I and inattention separately, followed by Trails-B and Digits Backwards, which were found to predict more symptoms of inattention than H/I. Perseverative errors on the WCST predicted more H/I symptomatology, whilst non-perseverating errors were more associated with inattention. The ToL and Digits Forward predicted fewer ADHD symptoms. The ToL seemed more sensitive to inattention, whilst Digits Forward showed a stronger association with H/I. The WCST, Digits Backwards and Trails-B may be used to measure EF to support the diagnosis of ADHD in a clinical setting and to indicate cognitive impairment.Tshikani T. BoshomaneBasil J. PillayAnneke MeyerAOSISarticleadhdexecutive functionshyperactivity/impulsivenessinattentionneuropsychological testsPsychologyBF1-990ENAfrican Journal of Psychological Assessment, Vol 3, Iss 0, Pp e1-e10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adhd executive functions hyperactivity/impulsiveness inattention neuropsychological tests Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	adhd executive functions hyperactivity/impulsiveness inattention neuropsychological tests Psychology BF1-990 Tshikani T. Boshomane Basil J. Pillay Anneke Meyer Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms
description	Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder, and in many children, ADHD is thought to be aggravated by a deficit in executive functions (EFs). This study tried to establish whether commonly used neuropsychological tests of EF also predicted the core symptoms of ADHD, namely hyperactivity/impulsiveness (H/I) and inattention, as well as total ADHD symptomatology, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). The participants were children from the Limpopo province, South Africa, aged from 6 to 15 years (M = 11.7 years; SD = 1.7). One hundred and fifty-six children (51.3% girls) were assessed by neuropsychological tests of EFs: the Tower of London (ToL), Digits Forward and Digits Backward, Trails-A and Trails-B and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Forward stepwise regression analysis was employed to predict H/I and inattention, as well as total ADHD symptomatology, based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. All the tests, except Trails-A, were found to predict ADHD symptomatology. The WCST (total errors) was the best predictor of all the ADHD symptoms and also for H/I and inattention separately, followed by Trails-B and Digits Backwards, which were found to predict more symptoms of inattention than H/I. Perseverative errors on the WCST predicted more H/I symptomatology, whilst non-perseverating errors were more associated with inattention. The ToL and Digits Forward predicted fewer ADHD symptoms. The ToL seemed more sensitive to inattention, whilst Digits Forward showed a stronger association with H/I. The WCST, Digits Backwards and Trails-B may be used to measure EF to support the diagnosis of ADHD in a clinical setting and to indicate cognitive impairment.
format	article
author	Tshikani T. Boshomane Basil J. Pillay Anneke Meyer
author_facet	Tshikani T. Boshomane Basil J. Pillay Anneke Meyer
author_sort	Tshikani T. Boshomane
title	Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms
title_short	Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms
title_full	Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms
title_fullStr	Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms
title_full_unstemmed	Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms
title_sort	measures of executive functions predicting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder core symptoms
publisher	AOSIS
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b12c56ca1ae148bcb43c556745b1a479
work_keys_str_mv	AT tshikanitboshomane measuresofexecutivefunctionspredictingattentiondeficithyperactivitydisordercoresymptoms AT basiljpillay measuresofexecutivefunctionspredictingattentiondeficithyperactivitydisordercoresymptoms AT annekemeyer measuresofexecutivefunctionspredictingattentiondeficithyperactivitydisordercoresymptoms
_version_	1718415934419369984

Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms

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