Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence

Identifying gas hydrates in the oceanic subsurface using seismic reflection data supported by the presence of a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) is not an easy task, given the wide range of geophysical methods that have been applied to do so. Though the presence of the BSR is attributed to the atte...

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Autores principales:	Roberto Clairmont, Heather Bedle, Kurt Marfurt, Yichuan Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	gas hydrates attenuation quality factor attributes spectral decomposition Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b1301b05df124ecf96dcac5cf5ddcbd5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b1301b05df124ecf96dcac5cf5ddcbd52021-11-25T17:42:51ZSeismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence10.3390/geosciences111104502076-3263https://doaj.org/article/b1301b05df124ecf96dcac5cf5ddcbd52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/11/11/450https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3263Identifying gas hydrates in the oceanic subsurface using seismic reflection data supported by the presence of a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) is not an easy task, given the wide range of geophysical methods that have been applied to do so. Though the presence of the BSR is attributed to the attenuation response, as seismic waves transition from hydrate-filled sediment within the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) to free gas-bearing sediment below, few studies have applied a direct attenuation measurement. To improve the detection of gas hydrates and associated features, including the BSR and free gas accumulation beneath the gas hydrates, we apply a recently developed method known as Sparse-Spike Decomposition (SSD) that directly measures attenuation from estimating the quality factor (Q) parameter. In addition to performing attribute analyses using frequency attributes and a spectral decomposition method to improve BSR imaging, using a comprehensive analysis of the three methods, we make several key observations. These include the following: (1) low-frequency shadow zones seem to correlate with large values of attenuation; (2) there is a strong relationship between the amplitude strength of the BSR and the increase of the attenuation response; (3) the resulting interpretation of migration pathways of the free gas using the direct attenuation measurement method; and (4) for the data analyzed, the gas hydrates themselves do not give rise to either impedance or attenuation anomalies that fully differentiate them from nearby non-hydrate zones. From this last observation, we find that, although the SSD method may not directly detect in situ gas hydrates, the same gas hydrates often form an effective seal trapping and deeper free gas accumulation, which can exhibit a large attenuation response, allowing us to infer the likely presence of the overlying hydrates themselves.Roberto ClairmontHeather BedleKurt MarfurtYichuan WangMDPI AGarticlegas hydratesattenuationquality factorattributesspectral decompositionGeologyQE1-996.5ENGeosciences, Vol 11, Iss 450, p 450 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	gas hydrates attenuation quality factor attributes spectral decomposition Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	gas hydrates attenuation quality factor attributes spectral decomposition Geology QE1-996.5 Roberto Clairmont Heather Bedle Kurt Marfurt Yichuan Wang Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence
description	Identifying gas hydrates in the oceanic subsurface using seismic reflection data supported by the presence of a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) is not an easy task, given the wide range of geophysical methods that have been applied to do so. Though the presence of the BSR is attributed to the attenuation response, as seismic waves transition from hydrate-filled sediment within the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) to free gas-bearing sediment below, few studies have applied a direct attenuation measurement. To improve the detection of gas hydrates and associated features, including the BSR and free gas accumulation beneath the gas hydrates, we apply a recently developed method known as Sparse-Spike Decomposition (SSD) that directly measures attenuation from estimating the quality factor (Q) parameter. In addition to performing attribute analyses using frequency attributes and a spectral decomposition method to improve BSR imaging, using a comprehensive analysis of the three methods, we make several key observations. These include the following: (1) low-frequency shadow zones seem to correlate with large values of attenuation; (2) there is a strong relationship between the amplitude strength of the BSR and the increase of the attenuation response; (3) the resulting interpretation of migration pathways of the free gas using the direct attenuation measurement method; and (4) for the data analyzed, the gas hydrates themselves do not give rise to either impedance or attenuation anomalies that fully differentiate them from nearby non-hydrate zones. From this last observation, we find that, although the SSD method may not directly detect in situ gas hydrates, the same gas hydrates often form an effective seal trapping and deeper free gas accumulation, which can exhibit a large attenuation response, allowing us to infer the likely presence of the overlying hydrates themselves.
format	article
author	Roberto Clairmont Heather Bedle Kurt Marfurt Yichuan Wang
author_facet	Roberto Clairmont Heather Bedle Kurt Marfurt Yichuan Wang
author_sort	Roberto Clairmont
title	Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence
title_short	Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence
title_full	Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence
title_fullStr	Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence
title_full_unstemmed	Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence
title_sort	seismic attribute analyses and attenuation applications for detecting gas hydrate presence
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b1301b05df124ecf96dcac5cf5ddcbd5
work_keys_str_mv	AT robertoclairmont seismicattributeanalysesandattenuationapplicationsfordetectinggashydratepresence AT heatherbedle seismicattributeanalysesandattenuationapplicationsfordetectinggashydratepresence AT kurtmarfurt seismicattributeanalysesandattenuationapplicationsfordetectinggashydratepresence AT yichuanwang seismicattributeanalysesandattenuationapplicationsfordetectinggashydratepresence
_version_	1718412065956167680

Seismic Attribute Analyses and Attenuation Applications for Detecting Gas Hydrate Presence

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