Urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs

Abstract Nanosized fertilizers are the new frontier of nanotechnology towards a sustainable agriculture. Here, an efficient N-nanofertilizer is obtained by post-synthetic modification (PSM) of nitrate-doped amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles (NPs) with urea. The unwasteful PSM protocol...

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Autores principales:	Francisco J. Carmona, Gregorio Dal Sasso, Gloria B. Ramírez-Rodríguez, Youry Pii, José Manuel Delgado-López, Antonietta Guagliardi, Norberto Masciocchi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b13dd408bb9d4e3488689e841bf1c994
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b13dd408bb9d4e3488689e841bf1c9942021-12-02T14:11:29ZUrea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs10.1038/s41598-021-83048-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b13dd408bb9d4e3488689e841bf1c9942021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83048-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Nanosized fertilizers are the new frontier of nanotechnology towards a sustainable agriculture. Here, an efficient N-nanofertilizer is obtained by post-synthetic modification (PSM) of nitrate-doped amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles (NPs) with urea. The unwasteful PSM protocol leads to N-payloads as large as 8.1 w/w%, is well replicated by using inexpensive technical-grade reagents for cost-effective up-scaling and moderately favours urea release slowdown. Using the PSM approach, the N amount is ca. 3 times larger than that obtained in an equivalent one-pot synthesis where urea and nitrate are jointly added during the NPs preparation. In vivo tests on cucumber plants in hydroponic conditions show that N-doped ACP NPs, with half absolute N-content than in conventional urea treatment, promote the formation of an equivalent amount of root and shoot biomass, without nitrogen depletion. The high nitrogen use efficiency (up to 69%) and a cost-effective preparation method support the sustainable real usage of N-doped ACP as a nanofertilizer.Francisco J. CarmonaGregorio Dal SassoGloria B. Ramírez-RodríguezYoury PiiJosé Manuel Delgado-LópezAntonietta GuagliardiNorberto MasciocchiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Francisco J. Carmona Gregorio Dal Sasso Gloria B. Ramírez-Rodríguez Youry Pii José Manuel Delgado-López Antonietta Guagliardi Norberto Masciocchi Urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs
description	Abstract Nanosized fertilizers are the new frontier of nanotechnology towards a sustainable agriculture. Here, an efficient N-nanofertilizer is obtained by post-synthetic modification (PSM) of nitrate-doped amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles (NPs) with urea. The unwasteful PSM protocol leads to N-payloads as large as 8.1 w/w%, is well replicated by using inexpensive technical-grade reagents for cost-effective up-scaling and moderately favours urea release slowdown. Using the PSM approach, the N amount is ca. 3 times larger than that obtained in an equivalent one-pot synthesis where urea and nitrate are jointly added during the NPs preparation. In vivo tests on cucumber plants in hydroponic conditions show that N-doped ACP NPs, with half absolute N-content than in conventional urea treatment, promote the formation of an equivalent amount of root and shoot biomass, without nitrogen depletion. The high nitrogen use efficiency (up to 69%) and a cost-effective preparation method support the sustainable real usage of N-doped ACP as a nanofertilizer.
format	article
author	Francisco J. Carmona Gregorio Dal Sasso Gloria B. Ramírez-Rodríguez Youry Pii José Manuel Delgado-López Antonietta Guagliardi Norberto Masciocchi
author_facet	Francisco J. Carmona Gregorio Dal Sasso Gloria B. Ramírez-Rodríguez Youry Pii José Manuel Delgado-López Antonietta Guagliardi Norberto Masciocchi
author_sort	Francisco J. Carmona
title	Urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs
title_short	Urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs
title_full	Urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs
title_fullStr	Urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs
title_full_unstemmed	Urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs
title_sort	urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b13dd408bb9d4e3488689e841bf1c994
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Urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs

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