Controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification

Abstract Calcium phosphate (CaP) compounds may occur in the body as abnormal pathogenic phases in addition to their normal occurrence as bones and teeth. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD; CaPO4·2H2O), along with other significant CaP phases, have been observed in pathogenic calcifications such as...

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Autores principales:	A. D. Rafeek, G. Choi, L. A. Evans
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Springer 2021
Materias:	Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate Calcium pyrophosphate Seeded growth pH-stat Metastable solution Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492 Medical technology R855-855.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b156599e4aca4888a9a8f13d833cd032
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b156599e4aca4888a9a8f13d833cd0322021-11-28T12:26:54ZControlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification10.1007/s10856-021-06617-40957-45301573-4838https://doaj.org/article/b156599e4aca4888a9a8f13d833cd0322021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-021-06617-4https://doaj.org/toc/0957-4530https://doaj.org/toc/1573-4838Abstract Calcium phosphate (CaP) compounds may occur in the body as abnormal pathogenic phases in addition to their normal occurrence as bones and teeth. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD; CaPO4·2H2O), along with other significant CaP phases, have been observed in pathogenic calcifications such as dental calculi, kidney stones and urinary stones. While other studies have shown that polar amino acids can inhibit the growth of CaPs, these studies have mainly focused on hydroxyapatite (HAp; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) formation from highly supersaturated solutions, while their effects on DCPD nucleation and growth from metastable solutions have been less thoroughly explored. By further elucidating the mechanisms of DCPD formation and the influence of amino acids on those mechanisms, insights may be gained into ways that amino acids could be used in treatment and prevention of unwanted calcifications. The current study involved seeded growth of DCPD from metastable solutions at constant pH in the presence of neutral, acidic and phosphorylated amino acid side chains. As a comparison, solutions were also seeded with calcium pyrophosphate (CPP; Ca2P2O7), a known calcium phosphate inhibitor. The results show that polar amino acids inhibit DCPD growth; this likely occurs due to electrostatic interactions between amino acid side groups and charged DCPD surfaces. Phosphoserine had the greatest inhibitory ability of the amino acids tested, with an effect equal to that of CPP. Clustering of DCPD crystals giving rise to a “chrysanthemum-like” morphology was noted with glutamic acid. This study concludes that molecules containing an increased number of polar side groups will enhance the inhibition of DCPD seeded growth from metastable solutions.A. D. RafeekG. ChoiL. A. EvansSpringerarticleDicalcium phosphate dihydrateCalcium pyrophosphateSeeded growthpH-statMetastable solutionMaterials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materialsTA401-492Medical technologyR855-855.5ENJournal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, Vol 32, Iss 12, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate Calcium pyrophosphate Seeded growth pH-stat Metastable solution Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492 Medical technology R855-855.5
spellingShingle	Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate Calcium pyrophosphate Seeded growth pH-stat Metastable solution Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492 Medical technology R855-855.5 A. D. Rafeek G. Choi L. A. Evans Controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification
description	Abstract Calcium phosphate (CaP) compounds may occur in the body as abnormal pathogenic phases in addition to their normal occurrence as bones and teeth. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD; CaPO4·2H2O), along with other significant CaP phases, have been observed in pathogenic calcifications such as dental calculi, kidney stones and urinary stones. While other studies have shown that polar amino acids can inhibit the growth of CaPs, these studies have mainly focused on hydroxyapatite (HAp; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) formation from highly supersaturated solutions, while their effects on DCPD nucleation and growth from metastable solutions have been less thoroughly explored. By further elucidating the mechanisms of DCPD formation and the influence of amino acids on those mechanisms, insights may be gained into ways that amino acids could be used in treatment and prevention of unwanted calcifications. The current study involved seeded growth of DCPD from metastable solutions at constant pH in the presence of neutral, acidic and phosphorylated amino acid side chains. As a comparison, solutions were also seeded with calcium pyrophosphate (CPP; Ca2P2O7), a known calcium phosphate inhibitor. The results show that polar amino acids inhibit DCPD growth; this likely occurs due to electrostatic interactions between amino acid side groups and charged DCPD surfaces. Phosphoserine had the greatest inhibitory ability of the amino acids tested, with an effect equal to that of CPP. Clustering of DCPD crystals giving rise to a “chrysanthemum-like” morphology was noted with glutamic acid. This study concludes that molecules containing an increased number of polar side groups will enhance the inhibition of DCPD seeded growth from metastable solutions.
format	article
author	A. D. Rafeek G. Choi L. A. Evans
author_facet	A. D. Rafeek G. Choi L. A. Evans
author_sort	A. D. Rafeek
title	Controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification
title_short	Controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification
title_full	Controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification
title_fullStr	Controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification
title_full_unstemmed	Controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification
title_sort	controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (dcpd) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification
publisher	Springer
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b156599e4aca4888a9a8f13d833cd032
work_keys_str_mv	AT adrafeek controlledsynthesisofdicalciumphosphatedihydratedcpdfrommetastablesolutionsinsightsintopathogeniccalcification AT gchoi controlledsynthesisofdicalciumphosphatedihydratedcpdfrommetastablesolutionsinsightsintopathogeniccalcification AT laevans controlledsynthesisofdicalciumphosphatedihydratedcpdfrommetastablesolutionsinsightsintopathogeniccalcification
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Controlled synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from metastable solutions: insights into pathogenic calcification

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