Mechanical and Biological Properties of Magnesium- and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds

Magnesium (Mg)- and silicon (Si)-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were synthesized using the sponge replica method. The influence of Mg2+ and SiO44− ion substitution on the microstructural, mechanical and biological proper...

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Autores principales:	Sanosh Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan, Paola Nitti, Eleonora Stanca, Alessio Rochira, Luisa Siculella, Maria Grazia Raucci, Marta Madaghiele, Antonio Licciulli, Christian Demitri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hydroxyapatite scaffold substitution magnesium silicon biocompatibility Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b1583366ec7f40989653ca686378fbaa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b1583366ec7f40989653ca686378fbaa2021-11-25T18:14:55ZMechanical and Biological Properties of Magnesium- and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds10.3390/ma142269421996-1944https://doaj.org/article/b1583366ec7f40989653ca686378fbaa2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6942https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Magnesium (Mg)- and silicon (Si)-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were synthesized using the sponge replica method. The influence of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and SiO<sub>4</sub><sup>4−</sup> ion substitution on the microstructural, mechanical and biological properties of HA scaffolds was evaluated. All synthesized scaffolds exhibited porosity >92%, with interconnected pores and pore sizes ranging between 200 and 800 μm. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that β-TCP was formed in the case of Mg substitution. X-ray fluorescence mapping showed a homogeneous distribution of Mg and Si ions in the respective scaffolds. Compared to the pure HA scaffold, a reduced grain size was observed in the Mg- and Si-substituted scaffolds, which greatly influenced the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Mechanical tests revealed better performance in HA-Mg (0.44 ± 0.05 MPa), HA-Si (0.64 ± 0.02 MPa) and HA-MgSi (0.53 ± 0.01 MPa) samples compared to pure HA (0.2 ± 0.01 MPa). During biodegradability tests in Tris-HCl, slight weight loss and a substantial reduction in mechanical performances of the scaffolds were observed. Cell proliferation determined by the MTT assay using hBMSC showed that all scaffolds were biocompatible, and the HA-MgSi scaffold seemed the most effective for cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, ALP activity and osteogenic marker expression analysis revealed the ability of HA-Si and HA-MgSi scaffolds to promote osteoblast differentiation.Sanosh Kunjalukkal PadmanabhanPaola NittiEleonora StancaAlessio RochiraLuisa SiculellaMaria Grazia RaucciMarta MadaghieleAntonio LicciulliChristian DemitriMDPI AGarticlehydroxyapatitescaffoldsubstitutionmagnesiumsiliconbiocompatibilityTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6942, p 6942 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hydroxyapatite scaffold substitution magnesium silicon biocompatibility Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	hydroxyapatite scaffold substitution magnesium silicon biocompatibility Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Sanosh Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan Paola Nitti Eleonora Stanca Alessio Rochira Luisa Siculella Maria Grazia Raucci Marta Madaghiele Antonio Licciulli Christian Demitri Mechanical and Biological Properties of Magnesium- and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
description	Magnesium (Mg)- and silicon (Si)-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were synthesized using the sponge replica method. The influence of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and SiO<sub>4</sub><sup>4−</sup> ion substitution on the microstructural, mechanical and biological properties of HA scaffolds was evaluated. All synthesized scaffolds exhibited porosity >92%, with interconnected pores and pore sizes ranging between 200 and 800 μm. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that β-TCP was formed in the case of Mg substitution. X-ray fluorescence mapping showed a homogeneous distribution of Mg and Si ions in the respective scaffolds. Compared to the pure HA scaffold, a reduced grain size was observed in the Mg- and Si-substituted scaffolds, which greatly influenced the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Mechanical tests revealed better performance in HA-Mg (0.44 ± 0.05 MPa), HA-Si (0.64 ± 0.02 MPa) and HA-MgSi (0.53 ± 0.01 MPa) samples compared to pure HA (0.2 ± 0.01 MPa). During biodegradability tests in Tris-HCl, slight weight loss and a substantial reduction in mechanical performances of the scaffolds were observed. Cell proliferation determined by the MTT assay using hBMSC showed that all scaffolds were biocompatible, and the HA-MgSi scaffold seemed the most effective for cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, ALP activity and osteogenic marker expression analysis revealed the ability of HA-Si and HA-MgSi scaffolds to promote osteoblast differentiation.
format	article
author	Sanosh Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan Paola Nitti Eleonora Stanca Alessio Rochira Luisa Siculella Maria Grazia Raucci Marta Madaghiele Antonio Licciulli Christian Demitri
author_facet	Sanosh Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan Paola Nitti Eleonora Stanca Alessio Rochira Luisa Siculella Maria Grazia Raucci Marta Madaghiele Antonio Licciulli Christian Demitri
author_sort	Sanosh Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan
title	Mechanical and Biological Properties of Magnesium- and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
title_short	Mechanical and Biological Properties of Magnesium- and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
title_full	Mechanical and Biological Properties of Magnesium- and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
title_fullStr	Mechanical and Biological Properties of Magnesium- and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanical and Biological Properties of Magnesium- and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
title_sort	mechanical and biological properties of magnesium- and silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite scaffolds
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b1583366ec7f40989653ca686378fbaa
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Mechanical and Biological Properties of Magnesium- and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds

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