Human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.

Reducing the mechanical load on the human body through simulated reduced gravity can reveal important insight into locomotion biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of simulated reduced gravity on muscle activation levels and lower limb biomechanics across a range of ove...

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Autores principales:	Mhairi K MacLean, Daniel P Ferris
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b16bf4d5c340483683f1a5ad05a20363
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b16bf4d5c340483683f1a5ad05a203632021-12-02T20:09:14ZHuman muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253467https://doaj.org/article/b16bf4d5c340483683f1a5ad05a203632021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253467https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Reducing the mechanical load on the human body through simulated reduced gravity can reveal important insight into locomotion biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of simulated reduced gravity on muscle activation levels and lower limb biomechanics across a range of overground walking speeds. Our overall hypothesis was that muscle activation amplitudes would not decrease proportionally to gravity level. We recruited 12 participants (6 female, 6 male) to walk overground at 1.0, 0.76, 0.55, and 0.31 G for four speeds: 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 ms-1. We found that peak ground reaction forces, peak knee extension moment in early stance, peak hip flexion moment, and peak ankle extension moment all decreased substantially with reduced gravity. The peak knee extension moment at late stance/early swing did not change with gravity. The effect of gravity on muscle activity amplitude varied considerably with muscle and speed, often varying nonlinearly with gravity level. Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, & vastus medialis) and medial gastrocnemius activity decreased in stance phase with reduced gravity. Soleus and lateral gastrocnemius activity had no statistical differences with gravity level. Tibialis anterior and biceps femoris increased with simulated reduced gravity in swing and stance phase, respectively. The uncoupled relationship between simulated gravity level and muscle activity have important implications for understanding biomechanical muscle functions during human walking and for the use of bodyweight support for gait rehabilitation after injury.Mhairi K MacLeanDaniel P FerrisPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0253467 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mhairi K MacLean Daniel P Ferris Human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.
description	Reducing the mechanical load on the human body through simulated reduced gravity can reveal important insight into locomotion biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of simulated reduced gravity on muscle activation levels and lower limb biomechanics across a range of overground walking speeds. Our overall hypothesis was that muscle activation amplitudes would not decrease proportionally to gravity level. We recruited 12 participants (6 female, 6 male) to walk overground at 1.0, 0.76, 0.55, and 0.31 G for four speeds: 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 ms-1. We found that peak ground reaction forces, peak knee extension moment in early stance, peak hip flexion moment, and peak ankle extension moment all decreased substantially with reduced gravity. The peak knee extension moment at late stance/early swing did not change with gravity. The effect of gravity on muscle activity amplitude varied considerably with muscle and speed, often varying nonlinearly with gravity level. Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, & vastus medialis) and medial gastrocnemius activity decreased in stance phase with reduced gravity. Soleus and lateral gastrocnemius activity had no statistical differences with gravity level. Tibialis anterior and biceps femoris increased with simulated reduced gravity in swing and stance phase, respectively. The uncoupled relationship between simulated gravity level and muscle activity have important implications for understanding biomechanical muscle functions during human walking and for the use of bodyweight support for gait rehabilitation after injury.
format	article
author	Mhairi K MacLean Daniel P Ferris
author_facet	Mhairi K MacLean Daniel P Ferris
author_sort	Mhairi K MacLean
title	Human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.
title_short	Human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.
title_full	Human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.
title_fullStr	Human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.
title_full_unstemmed	Human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.
title_sort	human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b16bf4d5c340483683f1a5ad05a20363
work_keys_str_mv	AT mhairikmaclean humanmuscleactivityandlowerlimbbiomechanicsofovergroundwalkingatvaryinglevelsofsimulatedreducedgravityandgaitspeeds AT danielpferris humanmuscleactivityandlowerlimbbiomechanicsofovergroundwalkingatvaryinglevelsofsimulatedreducedgravityandgaitspeeds
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Human muscle activity and lower limb biomechanics of overground walking at varying levels of simulated reduced gravity and gait speeds.

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