Thermodynamics of Active Field Theories: Energetic Cost of Coupling to Reservoirs

The hallmark of active matter is the autonomous directed motion of its microscopic constituents driven by consumption of energy resources. This motion leads to the emergence of large-scale dynamics and structures without any equilibrium equivalent. Though active field theories offer a useful hydrody...

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Autores principales:	Tomer Markovich, Étienne Fodor, Elsen Tjhung, Michael E. Cates
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2021
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b16cffe7c1844c63821d4b304f833a6c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b16cffe7c1844c63821d4b304f833a6c2021-12-02T17:36:50ZThermodynamics of Active Field Theories: Energetic Cost of Coupling to Reservoirs10.1103/PhysRevX.11.0210572160-3308https://doaj.org/article/b16cffe7c1844c63821d4b304f833a6c2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.021057http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.021057https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308The hallmark of active matter is the autonomous directed motion of its microscopic constituents driven by consumption of energy resources. This motion leads to the emergence of large-scale dynamics and structures without any equilibrium equivalent. Though active field theories offer a useful hydrodynamic description, it is unclear how to properly quantify the energetic cost of the dynamics from such a coarse-grained description. We provide a thermodynamically consistent framework to identify the energy exchanges between active systems and their surrounding thermostat at the hydrodynamic level. Based on linear irreversible thermodynamics, we determine how active fields couple with the underlying reservoirs at the basis of nonequilibrium driving. This approach leads to evaluating the rate of heat dissipated in the thermostat, as a measure of the cost to sustain the system away from equilibrium, which is related to the irreversibility of the active field dynamics. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach in two popular active field theories: (i) the dynamics of a conserved density field reproducing active phase separation and (ii) the coupled dynamics of density and polarization describing motile deformable droplets. Combining numerical and analytical approaches, we provide spatial maps of dissipated heat, compare them with the irreversibility measure of the active field dynamics, and explore how the overall dissipated heat varies with the emerging order.Tomer MarkovichÉtienne FodorElsen TjhungMichael E. CatesAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 021057 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Tomer Markovich Étienne Fodor Elsen Tjhung Michael E. Cates Thermodynamics of Active Field Theories: Energetic Cost of Coupling to Reservoirs
description	The hallmark of active matter is the autonomous directed motion of its microscopic constituents driven by consumption of energy resources. This motion leads to the emergence of large-scale dynamics and structures without any equilibrium equivalent. Though active field theories offer a useful hydrodynamic description, it is unclear how to properly quantify the energetic cost of the dynamics from such a coarse-grained description. We provide a thermodynamically consistent framework to identify the energy exchanges between active systems and their surrounding thermostat at the hydrodynamic level. Based on linear irreversible thermodynamics, we determine how active fields couple with the underlying reservoirs at the basis of nonequilibrium driving. This approach leads to evaluating the rate of heat dissipated in the thermostat, as a measure of the cost to sustain the system away from equilibrium, which is related to the irreversibility of the active field dynamics. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach in two popular active field theories: (i) the dynamics of a conserved density field reproducing active phase separation and (ii) the coupled dynamics of density and polarization describing motile deformable droplets. Combining numerical and analytical approaches, we provide spatial maps of dissipated heat, compare them with the irreversibility measure of the active field dynamics, and explore how the overall dissipated heat varies with the emerging order.
format	article
author	Tomer Markovich Étienne Fodor Elsen Tjhung Michael E. Cates
author_facet	Tomer Markovich Étienne Fodor Elsen Tjhung Michael E. Cates
author_sort	Tomer Markovich
title	Thermodynamics of Active Field Theories: Energetic Cost of Coupling to Reservoirs
title_short	Thermodynamics of Active Field Theories: Energetic Cost of Coupling to Reservoirs
title_full	Thermodynamics of Active Field Theories: Energetic Cost of Coupling to Reservoirs
title_fullStr	Thermodynamics of Active Field Theories: Energetic Cost of Coupling to Reservoirs
title_full_unstemmed	Thermodynamics of Active Field Theories: Energetic Cost of Coupling to Reservoirs
title_sort	thermodynamics of active field theories: energetic cost of coupling to reservoirs
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b16cffe7c1844c63821d4b304f833a6c
work_keys_str_mv	AT tomermarkovich thermodynamicsofactivefieldtheoriesenergeticcostofcouplingtoreservoirs AT etiennefodor thermodynamicsofactivefieldtheoriesenergeticcostofcouplingtoreservoirs AT elsentjhung thermodynamicsofactivefieldtheoriesenergeticcostofcouplingtoreservoirs AT michaelecates thermodynamicsofactivefieldtheoriesenergeticcostofcouplingtoreservoirs
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Thermodynamics of Active Field Theories: Energetic Cost of Coupling to Reservoirs

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