Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering

Decades of intense scientific research investigations clearly suggest that only a subset of a large number of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials are suitable as biomaterials for a growing number of biomedical devices and biomedical uses. However, biomaterials are prone to micr...

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Autores principales:	Afreen Sultana, Mina Zare, Hongrong Luo, Seeram Ramakrishna
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	surface engineering biomaterials medical devices atomic scale engineering antimicrobial activity traditional surface engineering Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b178fcd4f3954b388750337506415372
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b178fcd4f3954b3887503375064153722021-11-11T17:14:17ZSurface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering10.3390/ijms2221117881422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/b178fcd4f3954b3887503375064153722021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11788https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Decades of intense scientific research investigations clearly suggest that only a subset of a large number of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials are suitable as biomaterials for a growing number of biomedical devices and biomedical uses. However, biomaterials are prone to microbial infection due to <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (<i>S. epidermidis</i>), hepatitis, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and many more. Hence, a range of surface engineering strategies are devised in order to achieve desired biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance in situ. Surface engineering strategies are a group of techniques that alter or modify the surface properties of the material in order to obtain a product with desired functionalities. There are two categories of surface engineering methods: conventional surface engineering methods (such as coating, bioactive coating, plasma spray coating, hydrothermal, lithography, shot peening, and electrophoretic deposition) and emerging surface engineering methods (laser treatment, robot laser treatment, electrospinning, electrospray, additive manufacturing, and radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique). Atomic-scale engineering, such as chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer etching, plasma immersion ion deposition, and atomic layer deposition, is a subsection of emerging technology that has demonstrated improved control and flexibility at finer length scales than compared to the conventional methods. With the advancements in technologies and the demand for even better control of biomaterial surfaces, research efforts in recent years are aimed at the atomic scale and molecular scale while incorporating functional agents in order to elicit optimal in situ performance. The functional agents include synthetic materials (monolithic ZnO, quaternary ammonium salts, silver nano-clusters, titanium dioxide, and graphene) and natural materials (chitosan, totarol, botanical extracts, and nisin). This review highlights the various strategies of surface engineering of biomaterial including their functional mechanism, applications, and shortcomings. Additionally, this review article emphasizes atomic scale engineering of biomaterials for fabricating antimicrobial biomaterials and explores their challenges.Afreen SultanaMina ZareHongrong LuoSeeram RamakrishnaMDPI AGarticlesurface engineeringbiomaterialsmedical devicesatomic scale engineeringantimicrobial activitytraditional surface engineeringBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11788, p 11788 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	surface engineering biomaterials medical devices atomic scale engineering antimicrobial activity traditional surface engineering Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	surface engineering biomaterials medical devices atomic scale engineering antimicrobial activity traditional surface engineering Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Afreen Sultana Mina Zare Hongrong Luo Seeram Ramakrishna Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering
description	Decades of intense scientific research investigations clearly suggest that only a subset of a large number of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials are suitable as biomaterials for a growing number of biomedical devices and biomedical uses. However, biomaterials are prone to microbial infection due to <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (<i>S. epidermidis</i>), hepatitis, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and many more. Hence, a range of surface engineering strategies are devised in order to achieve desired biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance in situ. Surface engineering strategies are a group of techniques that alter or modify the surface properties of the material in order to obtain a product with desired functionalities. There are two categories of surface engineering methods: conventional surface engineering methods (such as coating, bioactive coating, plasma spray coating, hydrothermal, lithography, shot peening, and electrophoretic deposition) and emerging surface engineering methods (laser treatment, robot laser treatment, electrospinning, electrospray, additive manufacturing, and radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique). Atomic-scale engineering, such as chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer etching, plasma immersion ion deposition, and atomic layer deposition, is a subsection of emerging technology that has demonstrated improved control and flexibility at finer length scales than compared to the conventional methods. With the advancements in technologies and the demand for even better control of biomaterial surfaces, research efforts in recent years are aimed at the atomic scale and molecular scale while incorporating functional agents in order to elicit optimal in situ performance. The functional agents include synthetic materials (monolithic ZnO, quaternary ammonium salts, silver nano-clusters, titanium dioxide, and graphene) and natural materials (chitosan, totarol, botanical extracts, and nisin). This review highlights the various strategies of surface engineering of biomaterial including their functional mechanism, applications, and shortcomings. Additionally, this review article emphasizes atomic scale engineering of biomaterials for fabricating antimicrobial biomaterials and explores their challenges.
format	article
author	Afreen Sultana Mina Zare Hongrong Luo Seeram Ramakrishna
author_facet	Afreen Sultana Mina Zare Hongrong Luo Seeram Ramakrishna
author_sort	Afreen Sultana
title	Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering
title_short	Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering
title_full	Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering
title_fullStr	Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering
title_full_unstemmed	Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering
title_sort	surface engineering strategies to enhance the in situ performance of medical devices including atomic scale engineering
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b178fcd4f3954b388750337506415372
work_keys_str_mv	AT afreensultana surfaceengineeringstrategiestoenhancetheinsituperformanceofmedicaldevicesincludingatomicscaleengineering AT minazare surfaceengineeringstrategiestoenhancetheinsituperformanceofmedicaldevicesincludingatomicscaleengineering AT hongrongluo surfaceengineeringstrategiestoenhancetheinsituperformanceofmedicaldevicesincludingatomicscaleengineering AT seeramramakrishna surfaceengineeringstrategiestoenhancetheinsituperformanceofmedicaldevicesincludingatomicscaleengineering
_version_	1718432139500847104

Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering

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