Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis

The 25-item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ) has been widely used to examine the relationship between the phlegm pattern (PP), quality of life, tongue colour, vocal qualities, and dysfunctional breathing. However, the concerns of response burden and differences in the respondent’s abilities or ite...

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Autor principal:	Young-Jae Park
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b17d452fe35240238e2bfa3c113528ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b17d452fe35240238e2bfa3c113528ec2021-11-08T02:36:38ZDevelopment of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis1741-428810.1155/2021/6528891https://doaj.org/article/b17d452fe35240238e2bfa3c113528ec2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6528891https://doaj.org/toc/1741-4288The 25-item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ) has been widely used to examine the relationship between the phlegm pattern (PP), quality of life, tongue colour, vocal qualities, and dysfunctional breathing. However, the concerns of response burden and differences in the respondent’s abilities or item difficulty for the original version of the PPQ have not been sufficiently addressed. This study aimed to develop a short-form PPQ using Rasch analysis, an item response theory. Based on the retrospective data, the response order, differential item functioning (DIF), dimensionality, reliability, concurrent validity, and fitting errors were examined for 291 normal participants and 61 inpatients. The discriminative ability of the short-form PPQ was examined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Along with Rasch analysis, another short-form PPQ was developed using equidiscriminative item-total correlation (EITC) analysis and the results between the two short-form PPQs were compared accordingly. Rasch analysis results suggested a 6-point response category for the PPQ, and finally, 8 items without fitting errors or DIF variability were selected for the PPQ (PPQ-8). The PPQ-8 had satisfactory reliability (person separation index = 2.23), unidimensionality (unexplained variance in the first contrast = 1.598), fitting levels (infit mean square, 0.80–1.39; outfit mean square, 0.79–1.34), sensitivity (70.5%), and specificity (76.5%). The PPQ-8 had a moderate discriminative ability of the PP (area under the curve = 0.759), and the cut-off point was 23. Although the 8-item PPQ developed using EITC analysis showed similar levels of reliability, validity, and discriminative ability of the PP to the PPQ-8, it could not present the information of item hierarchy and differences in the respondents’ abilities. In conclusion, the PPQ-8 by Rasch analysis is recommended for future use to evaluate the clinical severity of PP.Young-Jae ParkHindawi LimitedarticleOther systems of medicineRZ201-999ENEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
spellingShingle	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999 Young-Jae Park Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis
description	The 25-item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ) has been widely used to examine the relationship between the phlegm pattern (PP), quality of life, tongue colour, vocal qualities, and dysfunctional breathing. However, the concerns of response burden and differences in the respondent’s abilities or item difficulty for the original version of the PPQ have not been sufficiently addressed. This study aimed to develop a short-form PPQ using Rasch analysis, an item response theory. Based on the retrospective data, the response order, differential item functioning (DIF), dimensionality, reliability, concurrent validity, and fitting errors were examined for 291 normal participants and 61 inpatients. The discriminative ability of the short-form PPQ was examined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Along with Rasch analysis, another short-form PPQ was developed using equidiscriminative item-total correlation (EITC) analysis and the results between the two short-form PPQs were compared accordingly. Rasch analysis results suggested a 6-point response category for the PPQ, and finally, 8 items without fitting errors or DIF variability were selected for the PPQ (PPQ-8). The PPQ-8 had satisfactory reliability (person separation index = 2.23), unidimensionality (unexplained variance in the first contrast = 1.598), fitting levels (infit mean square, 0.80–1.39; outfit mean square, 0.79–1.34), sensitivity (70.5%), and specificity (76.5%). The PPQ-8 had a moderate discriminative ability of the PP (area under the curve = 0.759), and the cut-off point was 23. Although the 8-item PPQ developed using EITC analysis showed similar levels of reliability, validity, and discriminative ability of the PP to the PPQ-8, it could not present the information of item hierarchy and differences in the respondents’ abilities. In conclusion, the PPQ-8 by Rasch analysis is recommended for future use to evaluate the clinical severity of PP.
format	article
author	Young-Jae Park
author_facet	Young-Jae Park
author_sort	Young-Jae Park
title	Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis
title_short	Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis
title_full	Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis
title_fullStr	Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis
title_sort	development of the 8-item phlegm pattern questionnaire (ppq-8) using rasch analysis
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b17d452fe35240238e2bfa3c113528ec
work_keys_str_mv	AT youngjaepark developmentofthe8itemphlegmpatternquestionnaireppq8usingraschanalysis
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Development of the 8-Item Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ-8) Using Rasch Analysis

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