A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster

Abstract The protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, which causes dermo disease in Crassostrea virginica, is one of the most ecologically important and economically destructive marine pathogens. The rapid and persistent intensification of dermo in the USA in the 1980s has long been enigmatic. Attribut...

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Autores principales:	Ryan B. Carnegie, Susan E. Ford, Rita K. Crockett, Peter R. Kingsley-Smith, Lydia M. Bienlien, Lúcia S. L. Safi, Laura A. Whitefleet-Smith, Eugene M. Burreson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b19137156f3a4703b566612ed5754864
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b19137156f3a4703b566612ed57548642021-12-02T17:40:46ZA rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster10.1038/s41598-021-92379-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b19137156f3a4703b566612ed57548642021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92379-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, which causes dermo disease in Crassostrea virginica, is one of the most ecologically important and economically destructive marine pathogens. The rapid and persistent intensification of dermo in the USA in the 1980s has long been enigmatic. Attributed originally to the effects of multi-year drought, climatic factors fail to fully explain the geographic extent of dermo’s intensification or the persistence of its intensified activity. Here we show that emergence of a unique, hypervirulent P. marinus phenotype was associated with the increase in prevalence and intensity of this disease and associated mortality. Retrospective histopathology of 8355 archival oysters from 1960 to 2018 spanning Chesapeake Bay, South Carolina, and New Jersey revealed that a new parasite phenotype emerged between 1983 and 1990, concurrent with major historical dermo disease outbreaks. Phenotypic changes included a shortening of the parasite’s life cycle and a tropism shift from deeper connective tissues to digestive epithelia. The changes are likely adaptive with regard to the reduced oyster abundance and longevity faced by P. marinus after rapid establishment of exotic pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni in 1959. Our findings, we hypothesize, illustrate a novel ecosystem response to a marine parasite invasion: an increase in virulence in a native parasite.Ryan B. CarnegieSusan E. FordRita K. CrockettPeter R. Kingsley-SmithLydia M. BienlienLúcia S. L. SafiLaura A. Whitefleet-SmithEugene M. BurresonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ryan B. Carnegie Susan E. Ford Rita K. Crockett Peter R. Kingsley-Smith Lydia M. Bienlien Lúcia S. L. Safi Laura A. Whitefleet-Smith Eugene M. Burreson A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster
description	Abstract The protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, which causes dermo disease in Crassostrea virginica, is one of the most ecologically important and economically destructive marine pathogens. The rapid and persistent intensification of dermo in the USA in the 1980s has long been enigmatic. Attributed originally to the effects of multi-year drought, climatic factors fail to fully explain the geographic extent of dermo’s intensification or the persistence of its intensified activity. Here we show that emergence of a unique, hypervirulent P. marinus phenotype was associated with the increase in prevalence and intensity of this disease and associated mortality. Retrospective histopathology of 8355 archival oysters from 1960 to 2018 spanning Chesapeake Bay, South Carolina, and New Jersey revealed that a new parasite phenotype emerged between 1983 and 1990, concurrent with major historical dermo disease outbreaks. Phenotypic changes included a shortening of the parasite’s life cycle and a tropism shift from deeper connective tissues to digestive epithelia. The changes are likely adaptive with regard to the reduced oyster abundance and longevity faced by P. marinus after rapid establishment of exotic pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni in 1959. Our findings, we hypothesize, illustrate a novel ecosystem response to a marine parasite invasion: an increase in virulence in a native parasite.
format	article
author	Ryan B. Carnegie Susan E. Ford Rita K. Crockett Peter R. Kingsley-Smith Lydia M. Bienlien Lúcia S. L. Safi Laura A. Whitefleet-Smith Eugene M. Burreson
author_facet	Ryan B. Carnegie Susan E. Ford Rita K. Crockett Peter R. Kingsley-Smith Lydia M. Bienlien Lúcia S. L. Safi Laura A. Whitefleet-Smith Eugene M. Burreson
author_sort	Ryan B. Carnegie
title	A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster
title_short	A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster
title_full	A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster
title_fullStr	A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster
title_full_unstemmed	A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster
title_sort	rapid phenotype change in the pathogen perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b19137156f3a4703b566612ed5754864
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A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster

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