Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives

Polar lows (PLs) are high-latitude intense maritime mesoscale weather systems that develop over open water near the sea ice margin or near snow-covered continents during cold air outbreaks. PLs pose a threat to coastal and island communities, transportation and offshore drilling platforms. PLs mainl...

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Autores principales:	Marta Moreno-Ibáñez, René Laprise, Philippe Gachon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	polar low severe weather marine cold air outbreak arctic antarctic Oceanography GC1-1581 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b1a4fe8b72814f68b686a43300067d26
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b1a4fe8b72814f68b686a43300067d262021-12-01T14:40:58ZRecent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives1600-087010.1080/16000870.2021.1890412https://doaj.org/article/b1a4fe8b72814f68b686a43300067d262021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2021.1890412https://doaj.org/toc/1600-0870Polar lows (PLs) are high-latitude intense maritime mesoscale weather systems that develop over open water near the sea ice margin or near snow-covered continents during cold air outbreaks. PLs pose a threat to coastal and island communities, transportation and offshore drilling platforms. PLs mainly develop during the cold season and their frequency exhibits a large interannual variability. Observations from polar-orbiting satellites are the main source of observational data to study PLs since conventional observations are sparse and unevenly distributed in high latitudes. PL forecasting has long remained a challenge due to the small size and short lifetime of these systems. Nevertheless, the representation of PLs in numerical models has significantly improved with the advent of high-resolution atmospheric models. Several studies have shown that baroclinic instability and convection play an important role in the development of PLs, but a thorough understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in the formation and intensification of PLs is yet to be developed. The relevant role of surface sensible heat flux and latent heat release in PL development has often been highlighted. The diabatic fluxes from the oceanic surface and associated with PLs can cause a decrease in the sea surface temperature (SST), whereas the strong wind speeds can lead to upper-ocean mixing in regions where an ocean temperature inversion is present. It is expected that global warming associated with anthropogenic climate changes may lead to an increase in the static stability of the atmosphere, thus affecting the climatology of PLs. In the North Atlantic the regions of PL activity will shift northwards as seasonal sea-ice margins migrate towards higher latitudes areas, and the frequency of PLs will decrease. Although our knowledge about PLs has significantly increased during the last decades, the are still many unanswered questions. Among the most pressing issues in PL research are the need to determine the objective criteria that define PLs and to devise an international intercomparison project of PL detection and tracking.Marta Moreno-IbáñezRené LaprisePhilippe GachonTaylor & Francis Grouparticlepolar lowsevere weathermarine cold air outbreakarcticantarcticOceanographyGC1-1581Meteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENTellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, Vol 73, Iss 1, Pp 1-31 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polar low severe weather marine cold air outbreak arctic antarctic Oceanography GC1-1581 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	polar low severe weather marine cold air outbreak arctic antarctic Oceanography GC1-1581 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Marta Moreno-Ibáñez René Laprise Philippe Gachon Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives
description	Polar lows (PLs) are high-latitude intense maritime mesoscale weather systems that develop over open water near the sea ice margin or near snow-covered continents during cold air outbreaks. PLs pose a threat to coastal and island communities, transportation and offshore drilling platforms. PLs mainly develop during the cold season and their frequency exhibits a large interannual variability. Observations from polar-orbiting satellites are the main source of observational data to study PLs since conventional observations are sparse and unevenly distributed in high latitudes. PL forecasting has long remained a challenge due to the small size and short lifetime of these systems. Nevertheless, the representation of PLs in numerical models has significantly improved with the advent of high-resolution atmospheric models. Several studies have shown that baroclinic instability and convection play an important role in the development of PLs, but a thorough understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in the formation and intensification of PLs is yet to be developed. The relevant role of surface sensible heat flux and latent heat release in PL development has often been highlighted. The diabatic fluxes from the oceanic surface and associated with PLs can cause a decrease in the sea surface temperature (SST), whereas the strong wind speeds can lead to upper-ocean mixing in regions where an ocean temperature inversion is present. It is expected that global warming associated with anthropogenic climate changes may lead to an increase in the static stability of the atmosphere, thus affecting the climatology of PLs. In the North Atlantic the regions of PL activity will shift northwards as seasonal sea-ice margins migrate towards higher latitudes areas, and the frequency of PLs will decrease. Although our knowledge about PLs has significantly increased during the last decades, the are still many unanswered questions. Among the most pressing issues in PL research are the need to determine the objective criteria that define PLs and to devise an international intercomparison project of PL detection and tracking.
format	article
author	Marta Moreno-Ibáñez René Laprise Philippe Gachon
author_facet	Marta Moreno-Ibáñez René Laprise Philippe Gachon
author_sort	Marta Moreno-Ibáñez
title	Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives
title_short	Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives
title_full	Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives
title_fullStr	Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives
title_sort	recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b1a4fe8b72814f68b686a43300067d26
work_keys_str_mv	AT martamorenoibanez recentadvancesinpolarlowresearchcurrentknowledgechallengesandfutureperspectives AT renelaprise recentadvancesinpolarlowresearchcurrentknowledgechallengesandfutureperspectives AT philippegachon recentadvancesinpolarlowresearchcurrentknowledgechallengesandfutureperspectives
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Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives

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