Subgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing

ABSTRACT Little is known about longitudinal development of the peri-implant subgingival microbiome and cytokine production as a new sulcus forms after dental implant placement. Therefore, the purpose of this observational study was to evaluate simultaneous longitudinal changes in the oral microbiome...

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Autores principales:	Jeffrey B. Payne, Paul G. Johnson, Car Reen Kok, João C. Gomes-Neto, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Marian J. Schmid, Robert W. Hutkins
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	cytokines dental implants microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b1c37f0ac1b942bb9ae32b8bd01960a6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b1c37f0ac1b942bb9ae32b8bd01960a62021-11-15T15:21:51ZSubgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing10.1128/mSphereDirect.00527-172379-5042https://doaj.org/article/b1c37f0ac1b942bb9ae32b8bd01960a62017-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphereDirect.00527-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Little is known about longitudinal development of the peri-implant subgingival microbiome and cytokine production as a new sulcus forms after dental implant placement. Therefore, the purpose of this observational study was to evaluate simultaneous longitudinal changes in the oral microbiome and cytokine production in the developing peri-implant sulcus compared to control natural teeth. Four and 12 weeks after implant placement and abutment connection, a dental implant and a natural tooth were sampled in 25 patients for subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF [around teeth] and peri-implant crevicular fluid [PICF] around implants). DNA from plaque samples was extracted and sequenced using Illumina-based 16S rRNA sequencing. GCF and PICF samples were analyzed using a customized Milliplex human cytokine and chemokine magnetic bead panel. Beta diversity analysis revealed that natural teeth and implants had similar subgingival microbiomes, while teeth had greater alpha diversity than implants. At the genus level, however, few differences were noted between teeth and dental implants over 12 weeks. Specifically, Actinomyces and Selenomonas were significantly elevated around teeth versus dental implants at both 4 weeks and 12 weeks, while Corynebacterium and Campylobacter were significantly elevated only at 4 weeks around teeth. The only difference between PICF and GCF biomarkers was significantly elevated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels around teeth versus dental implants at the 4-week visit. The subgingival microbiome and cytokine production were similar between teeth and implants during early healing, suggesting that these profiles are driven by the patient following dental implant placement and are not determined by anatomical niche. IMPORTANCE Dental implants are a common treatment option offered to patients for tooth replacement. However, little is known regarding initial colonization of the subgingival microbiome and simultaneous longitudinal cytokine production in humans during the early healing phase following implant placement. We report findings from an in vivo study that assessed initial colonization of the subgingival microbiome and concomitant early cytokine production in a newly formed anatomical space, namely, an implant sulcus. This approach may be useful in future interventional studies to influence dental implant success. Our data showed that the subgingival microbiome and cytokine profile were similar for control natural teeth and dental implants at both 4 and 12 weeks after implant placement. These data suggest that these profiles are driven by the patient and not by anatomical location (i.e., tooth versus dental implant).Jeffrey B. PaynePaul G. JohnsonCar Reen KokJoão C. Gomes-NetoAmanda E. Ramer-TaitMarian J. SchmidRobert W. HutkinsAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlecytokinesdental implantsmicrobiomeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 2, Iss 6 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cytokines dental implants microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	cytokines dental implants microbiome Microbiology QR1-502 Jeffrey B. Payne Paul G. Johnson Car Reen Kok João C. Gomes-Neto Amanda E. Ramer-Tait Marian J. Schmid Robert W. Hutkins Subgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing
description	ABSTRACT Little is known about longitudinal development of the peri-implant subgingival microbiome and cytokine production as a new sulcus forms after dental implant placement. Therefore, the purpose of this observational study was to evaluate simultaneous longitudinal changes in the oral microbiome and cytokine production in the developing peri-implant sulcus compared to control natural teeth. Four and 12 weeks after implant placement and abutment connection, a dental implant and a natural tooth were sampled in 25 patients for subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF [around teeth] and peri-implant crevicular fluid [PICF] around implants). DNA from plaque samples was extracted and sequenced using Illumina-based 16S rRNA sequencing. GCF and PICF samples were analyzed using a customized Milliplex human cytokine and chemokine magnetic bead panel. Beta diversity analysis revealed that natural teeth and implants had similar subgingival microbiomes, while teeth had greater alpha diversity than implants. At the genus level, however, few differences were noted between teeth and dental implants over 12 weeks. Specifically, Actinomyces and Selenomonas were significantly elevated around teeth versus dental implants at both 4 weeks and 12 weeks, while Corynebacterium and Campylobacter were significantly elevated only at 4 weeks around teeth. The only difference between PICF and GCF biomarkers was significantly elevated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels around teeth versus dental implants at the 4-week visit. The subgingival microbiome and cytokine production were similar between teeth and implants during early healing, suggesting that these profiles are driven by the patient following dental implant placement and are not determined by anatomical niche. IMPORTANCE Dental implants are a common treatment option offered to patients for tooth replacement. However, little is known regarding initial colonization of the subgingival microbiome and simultaneous longitudinal cytokine production in humans during the early healing phase following implant placement. We report findings from an in vivo study that assessed initial colonization of the subgingival microbiome and concomitant early cytokine production in a newly formed anatomical space, namely, an implant sulcus. This approach may be useful in future interventional studies to influence dental implant success. Our data showed that the subgingival microbiome and cytokine profile were similar for control natural teeth and dental implants at both 4 and 12 weeks after implant placement. These data suggest that these profiles are driven by the patient and not by anatomical location (i.e., tooth versus dental implant).
format	article
author	Jeffrey B. Payne Paul G. Johnson Car Reen Kok João C. Gomes-Neto Amanda E. Ramer-Tait Marian J. Schmid Robert W. Hutkins
author_facet	Jeffrey B. Payne Paul G. Johnson Car Reen Kok João C. Gomes-Neto Amanda E. Ramer-Tait Marian J. Schmid Robert W. Hutkins
author_sort	Jeffrey B. Payne
title	Subgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing
title_short	Subgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing
title_full	Subgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing
title_fullStr	Subgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing
title_full_unstemmed	Subgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing
title_sort	subgingival microbiome colonization and cytokine production during early dental implant healing
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/b1c37f0ac1b942bb9ae32b8bd01960a6
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_version_	1718428091584348160

Subgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing

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