An optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on Bat algorithm

Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique that allows visual information to be encrypted so that the human optical system can perform the decryption without any cryptographic computation. The halftone visual cryptography scheme (HVCS) is a type of visual cryptography (VC) that encodes the sec...

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Autores principales:	Aswad Firas Mohammed, Salman Ihsan, Mostafa Salama A.
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	De Gruyter 2021
Materias:	visual cryptography halftone visual cryptography scheme error diffusion bat optimization algorithm Science Q Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b1ff2572a1e948008aa2c9e1af6a9310
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b1ff2572a1e948008aa2c9e1af6a93102021-12-05T14:10:51ZAn optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on Bat algorithm2191-026X10.1515/jisys-2021-0042https://doaj.org/article/b1ff2572a1e948008aa2c9e1af6a93102021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0042https://doaj.org/toc/2191-026XVisual cryptography is a cryptographic technique that allows visual information to be encrypted so that the human optical system can perform the decryption without any cryptographic computation. The halftone visual cryptography scheme (HVCS) is a type of visual cryptography (VC) that encodes the secret image into halftone images to produce secure and meaningful shares. However, the HVC scheme has many unsolved problems, such as pixel expansion, low contrast, cross-interference problem, and difficulty in managing share images. This article aims to enhance the visual quality and avoid the problems of cross-interference and pixel expansion of the share images. It introduces a novel optimization of color halftone visual cryptography (OCHVC) scheme by using two proposed techniques: hash codebook and construction techniques. The new techniques distribute the information pixels of a secret image into a halftone cover image randomly based on a bat optimization algorithm. The results show that these techniques have enhanced security levels and make the proposed OCHVC scheme more robust against different attacks. The OCHVC scheme achieves mean squared error (MSE) of 95.0%, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 28.3%, normalized cross correlation (NCC) of 99.4%, and universal quality index (UQI) of 99.3% on average for the six shares. Subsequently, the experiment results based on image quality metrics show improvement in size, visual quality, and security for retrieved secret images and meaningful share images of the OCHVC scheme. Comparing the proposed OCHVC with some related works shows that the OCHVC scheme is more effective and secure.Aswad Firas MohammedSalman IhsanMostafa Salama A.De Gruyterarticlevisual cryptographyhalftone visual cryptography schemeerror diffusionbat optimization algorithmScienceQElectronic computers. Computer scienceQA75.5-76.95ENJournal of Intelligent Systems, Vol 30, Iss 1, Pp 816-835 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	visual cryptography halftone visual cryptography scheme error diffusion bat optimization algorithm Science Q Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
spellingShingle	visual cryptography halftone visual cryptography scheme error diffusion bat optimization algorithm Science Q Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95 Aswad Firas Mohammed Salman Ihsan Mostafa Salama A. An optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on Bat algorithm
description	Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique that allows visual information to be encrypted so that the human optical system can perform the decryption without any cryptographic computation. The halftone visual cryptography scheme (HVCS) is a type of visual cryptography (VC) that encodes the secret image into halftone images to produce secure and meaningful shares. However, the HVC scheme has many unsolved problems, such as pixel expansion, low contrast, cross-interference problem, and difficulty in managing share images. This article aims to enhance the visual quality and avoid the problems of cross-interference and pixel expansion of the share images. It introduces a novel optimization of color halftone visual cryptography (OCHVC) scheme by using two proposed techniques: hash codebook and construction techniques. The new techniques distribute the information pixels of a secret image into a halftone cover image randomly based on a bat optimization algorithm. The results show that these techniques have enhanced security levels and make the proposed OCHVC scheme more robust against different attacks. The OCHVC scheme achieves mean squared error (MSE) of 95.0%, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 28.3%, normalized cross correlation (NCC) of 99.4%, and universal quality index (UQI) of 99.3% on average for the six shares. Subsequently, the experiment results based on image quality metrics show improvement in size, visual quality, and security for retrieved secret images and meaningful share images of the OCHVC scheme. Comparing the proposed OCHVC with some related works shows that the OCHVC scheme is more effective and secure.
format	article
author	Aswad Firas Mohammed Salman Ihsan Mostafa Salama A.
author_facet	Aswad Firas Mohammed Salman Ihsan Mostafa Salama A.
author_sort	Aswad Firas Mohammed
title	An optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on Bat algorithm
title_short	An optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on Bat algorithm
title_full	An optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on Bat algorithm
title_fullStr	An optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on Bat algorithm
title_full_unstemmed	An optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on Bat algorithm
title_sort	optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on bat algorithm
publisher	De Gruyter
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b1ff2572a1e948008aa2c9e1af6a9310
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An optimization of color halftone visual cryptography scheme based on Bat algorithm

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