Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics

<p>The glacier-dammed Lac des Faverges, located on Glacier de la Plaine Morte (Swiss Alps), has drained annually as a glacier lake outburst flood since 2011. In 2018, the lake volume reached more than 2 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-f...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	C. Ogier, M. A. Werder, M. Huss, I. Kull, D. Hodel, D. Farinotti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:	Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b20dd4b9874c4e49879a0afbef9d8395
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:b20dd4b9874c4e49879a0afbef9d8395
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b20dd4b9874c4e49879a0afbef9d83952021-11-18T07:36:19ZDrainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics10.5194/tc-15-5133-20211994-04161994-0424https://doaj.org/article/b20dd4b9874c4e49879a0afbef9d83952021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/5133/2021/tc-15-5133-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424<p>The glacier-dammed Lac des Faverges, located on Glacier de la Plaine Morte (Swiss Alps), has drained annually as a glacier lake outburst flood since 2011. In 2018, the lake volume reached more than 2 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>6</sup></span> m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span>, and the resulting flood caused damage to the infrastructure downstream. In 2019, a supraglacial channel was dug to artificially initiate a surface lake drainage, thus limiting the lake water volume and the corresponding hazard. The peak in lake discharge was successfully reduced by over 90 % compared to 2018. We conducted extensive field measurements of the lake-channel system during the 48 d drainage event of 2019 to characterize its hydraulics and thermodynamics. The derived Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, which characterizes the water flow resistance in the channel, ranges from 0.17 to 0.48. This broad range emphasizes the factor's variability and questions the choice of a constant friction factor in glacio-hydrological models. For the Nusselt number, which relates the channel-wall melt to the water temperature, we show that the classic, empirical Dittus–Boelter equation with the standard coefficients does not adequately represent our measurements, and we propose a suitable pair of coefficients to fit our observations. This hints at the need to continue research into how heat transfer at the ice–water interface is described in the context of glacial hydraulics.</p>C. OgierC. OgierM. A. WerderM. A. WerderM. HussM. HussM. HussI. KullD. HodelD. FarinottiD. FarinottiCopernicus PublicationsarticleEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350GeologyQE1-996.5ENThe Cryosphere, Vol 15, Pp 5133-5150 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 C. Ogier C. Ogier M. A. Werder M. A. Werder M. Huss M. Huss M. Huss I. Kull D. Hodel D. Farinotti D. Farinotti Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics
description	<p>The glacier-dammed Lac des Faverges, located on Glacier de la Plaine Morte (Swiss Alps), has drained annually as a glacier lake outburst flood since 2011. In 2018, the lake volume reached more than 2 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>6</sup></span> m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span>, and the resulting flood caused damage to the infrastructure downstream. In 2019, a supraglacial channel was dug to artificially initiate a surface lake drainage, thus limiting the lake water volume and the corresponding hazard. The peak in lake discharge was successfully reduced by over 90 % compared to 2018. We conducted extensive field measurements of the lake-channel system during the 48 d drainage event of 2019 to characterize its hydraulics and thermodynamics. The derived Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, which characterizes the water flow resistance in the channel, ranges from 0.17 to 0.48. This broad range emphasizes the factor's variability and questions the choice of a constant friction factor in glacio-hydrological models. For the Nusselt number, which relates the channel-wall melt to the water temperature, we show that the classic, empirical Dittus–Boelter equation with the standard coefficients does not adequately represent our measurements, and we propose a suitable pair of coefficients to fit our observations. This hints at the need to continue research into how heat transfer at the ice–water interface is described in the context of glacial hydraulics.</p>
format	article
author	C. Ogier C. Ogier M. A. Werder M. A. Werder M. Huss M. Huss M. Huss I. Kull D. Hodel D. Farinotti D. Farinotti
author_facet	C. Ogier C. Ogier M. A. Werder M. A. Werder M. Huss M. Huss M. Huss I. Kull D. Hodel D. Farinotti D. Farinotti
author_sort	C. Ogier
title	Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics
title_short	Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics
title_full	Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics
title_fullStr	Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics
title_full_unstemmed	Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics
title_sort	drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b20dd4b9874c4e49879a0afbef9d8395
work_keys_str_mv	AT cogier drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT cogier drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT mawerder drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT mawerder drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT mhuss drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT mhuss drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT mhuss drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT ikull drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT dhodel drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT dfarinotti drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics AT dfarinotti drainageofanicedammedlakethroughasupraglacialstreamhydraulicsandthermodynamics
_version_	1718423243786813440

Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics

Ejemplares similares