Vortex Formation Times in the Glottal Jet, Measured in a Scaled-Up Model

In this paper, the timing of vortex formation on the glottal jet is studied using previously published velocity measurements of flow through a scaled-up model of the human vocal folds. The relative timing of the pulsatile glottal jet and the instability vortices are acoustically important since they...

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Autor principal:	Michael Krane
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phonation glottal jet instability voiced sound production Thermodynamics QC310.15-319 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b2184bbd10464d908459f966a27562a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b2184bbd10464d908459f966a27562a82021-11-25T17:31:47ZVortex Formation Times in the Glottal Jet, Measured in a Scaled-Up Model10.3390/fluids61104122311-5521https://doaj.org/article/b2184bbd10464d908459f966a27562a82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/6/11/412https://doaj.org/toc/2311-5521In this paper, the timing of vortex formation on the glottal jet is studied using previously published velocity measurements of flow through a scaled-up model of the human vocal folds. The relative timing of the pulsatile glottal jet and the instability vortices are acoustically important since they determine the harmonic and broadband content of the voice signal. Glottis exit jet velocity time series were extracted from time-resolved planar DPIV measurements. These measurements were acquired at four glottal flow speeds (<i>u</i><sub>SS</sub> = 16.1–38 cm/s) and four glottis open times (<i>T</i><sub>o</sub> = 5.67–23.7 s), providing a Reynolds number range <i>Re</i> = 4100–9700 and reduced vibration frequency <i>f*</i> = 0.01−0.06. Exit velocity waveforms showed temporal behavior on two time scales, one that correlates to the period of vibration and another characterized by short, sharp velocity peaks (which correlate to the passage of instability vortices through the glottis exit plane). The vortex formation time, estimated by computing the time difference between subsequent peaks, was shown to be not well-correlated from one vibration cycle to the next. The principal finding is that vortex formation time depends not only on cycle phase, but varies strongly with reduced frequency of vibration. In all cases, a strong high-frequency burst of vortex motion occurs near the end of the cycle, consistent with perceptual studies using synthesized speech.Michael KraneMDPI AGarticlephonationglottal jetinstabilityvoiced sound productionThermodynamicsQC310.15-319Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENFluids, Vol 6, Iss 412, p 412 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phonation glottal jet instability voiced sound production Thermodynamics QC310.15-319 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	phonation glottal jet instability voiced sound production Thermodynamics QC310.15-319 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Michael Krane Vortex Formation Times in the Glottal Jet, Measured in a Scaled-Up Model
description	In this paper, the timing of vortex formation on the glottal jet is studied using previously published velocity measurements of flow through a scaled-up model of the human vocal folds. The relative timing of the pulsatile glottal jet and the instability vortices are acoustically important since they determine the harmonic and broadband content of the voice signal. Glottis exit jet velocity time series were extracted from time-resolved planar DPIV measurements. These measurements were acquired at four glottal flow speeds (<i>u</i><sub>SS</sub> = 16.1–38 cm/s) and four glottis open times (<i>T</i><sub>o</sub> = 5.67–23.7 s), providing a Reynolds number range <i>Re</i> = 4100–9700 and reduced vibration frequency <i>f*</i> = 0.01−0.06. Exit velocity waveforms showed temporal behavior on two time scales, one that correlates to the period of vibration and another characterized by short, sharp velocity peaks (which correlate to the passage of instability vortices through the glottis exit plane). The vortex formation time, estimated by computing the time difference between subsequent peaks, was shown to be not well-correlated from one vibration cycle to the next. The principal finding is that vortex formation time depends not only on cycle phase, but varies strongly with reduced frequency of vibration. In all cases, a strong high-frequency burst of vortex motion occurs near the end of the cycle, consistent with perceptual studies using synthesized speech.
format	article
author	Michael Krane
author_facet	Michael Krane
author_sort	Michael Krane
title	Vortex Formation Times in the Glottal Jet, Measured in a Scaled-Up Model
title_short	Vortex Formation Times in the Glottal Jet, Measured in a Scaled-Up Model
title_full	Vortex Formation Times in the Glottal Jet, Measured in a Scaled-Up Model
title_fullStr	Vortex Formation Times in the Glottal Jet, Measured in a Scaled-Up Model
title_full_unstemmed	Vortex Formation Times in the Glottal Jet, Measured in a Scaled-Up Model
title_sort	vortex formation times in the glottal jet, measured in a scaled-up model
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b2184bbd10464d908459f966a27562a8
work_keys_str_mv	AT michaelkrane vortexformationtimesintheglottaljetmeasuredinascaledupmodel
_version_	1718412246216867840

Vortex Formation Times in the Glottal Jet, Measured in a Scaled-Up Model

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