Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.

Sex differences have been reported in autistic traits and systemizing (male advantage), and empathizing (female advantage) among typically developing individuals. In individuals with autism, these cognitive-behavioural profiles correspond to predictions from the "extreme male brain" (EMB)...

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Autores principales:	Simon Baron-Cohen, Sarah Cassidy, Bonnie Auyeung, Carrie Allison, Maryam Achoukhi, Sarah Robertson, Alexa Pohl, Meng-Chuan Lai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b222ae03096946198596398f6c338d54
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b222ae03096946198596398f6c338d542021-11-25T06:08:18ZAttenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0102251https://doaj.org/article/b222ae03096946198596398f6c338d542014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25029203/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Sex differences have been reported in autistic traits and systemizing (male advantage), and empathizing (female advantage) among typically developing individuals. In individuals with autism, these cognitive-behavioural profiles correspond to predictions from the "extreme male brain" (EMB) theory of autism (extreme scores on autistic traits and systemizing, below average on empathizing). Sex differences within autism, however, have been under-investigated. Here we show in 811 adults (454 females) with autism and 3,906 age-matched typical control adults (2,562 females) who completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R), and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), that typical females on average scored higher on the EQ, typical males scored higher on the SQ-R and AQ, and both males and females with autism showed a shift toward the extreme of the "male profile" on these measures and in the distribution of "brain types" (the discrepancy between standardized EQ and SQ-R scores). Further, normative sex differences are attenuated but not abolished in adults with autism. The findings provide strong support for the EMB theory of autism, and highlight differences between males and females with autism.Simon Baron-CohenSarah CassidyBonnie AuyeungCarrie AllisonMaryam AchoukhiSarah RobertsonAlexa PohlMeng-Chuan LaiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e102251 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Simon Baron-Cohen Sarah Cassidy Bonnie Auyeung Carrie Allison Maryam Achoukhi Sarah Robertson Alexa Pohl Meng-Chuan Lai Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.
description	Sex differences have been reported in autistic traits and systemizing (male advantage), and empathizing (female advantage) among typically developing individuals. In individuals with autism, these cognitive-behavioural profiles correspond to predictions from the "extreme male brain" (EMB) theory of autism (extreme scores on autistic traits and systemizing, below average on empathizing). Sex differences within autism, however, have been under-investigated. Here we show in 811 adults (454 females) with autism and 3,906 age-matched typical control adults (2,562 females) who completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R), and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), that typical females on average scored higher on the EQ, typical males scored higher on the SQ-R and AQ, and both males and females with autism showed a shift toward the extreme of the "male profile" on these measures and in the distribution of "brain types" (the discrepancy between standardized EQ and SQ-R scores). Further, normative sex differences are attenuated but not abolished in adults with autism. The findings provide strong support for the EMB theory of autism, and highlight differences between males and females with autism.
format	article
author	Simon Baron-Cohen Sarah Cassidy Bonnie Auyeung Carrie Allison Maryam Achoukhi Sarah Robertson Alexa Pohl Meng-Chuan Lai
author_facet	Simon Baron-Cohen Sarah Cassidy Bonnie Auyeung Carrie Allison Maryam Achoukhi Sarah Robertson Alexa Pohl Meng-Chuan Lai
author_sort	Simon Baron-Cohen
title	Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.
title_short	Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.
title_full	Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.
title_fullStr	Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.
title_full_unstemmed	Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.
title_sort	attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/b222ae03096946198596398f6c338d54
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Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.

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