Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals

Abstract Renal epithelial cell injury causes crystal retention and leads to renal stone formation. However, the effects of crystal shape on cell injury and stone risk remain unclear. This study compared the cytotoxicity degrees of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals having different shapes towa...

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Autores principales:	Xin-Yuan Sun, Jian-Ming Ouyang, Kai Yu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b225a3ffb6c44a0bb3ef59ca179dbc44
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b225a3ffb6c44a0bb3ef59ca179dbc442021-12-02T11:52:56ZShape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals10.1038/s41598-017-07598-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b225a3ffb6c44a0bb3ef59ca179dbc442017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07598-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Renal epithelial cell injury causes crystal retention and leads to renal stone formation. However, the effects of crystal shape on cell injury and stone risk remain unclear. This study compared the cytotoxicity degrees of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals having different shapes toward human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells to reveal the effect of crystal shape on cell injury and to elucidate the pathological mechanism of calcium oxalate kidney stones. The effects of exposure to cross-shaped (COD-CS), flower-like (COD-FL), bipyramid (COD-BD), and elongated–bipyramid (COD-EBD) COD crystals on HK-2 cells were investigated by examining the cell viability, cell membrane integrity, cell morphology change, intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and apoptotic and/or necrotic rate. Crystals with large (100) faces (COD-EBD) and sharp edges (COD-CS) showed higher toxicity than COD-BD and COD-FL, respectively. COD crystal exposure caused cell membrane rupture, upregulated intracellular reactive oxygen, and decreased Δψm. This series of phenomena ultimately led to a high apoptotic rate and a low necrotic rate. Crystals with large active faces have a large contact area with epithelial cell surface, and crystals with sharp edges can easily scratch epithelial cells; these factors could promote crystal adhesion and aggregation, thus increasing stone risk.Xin-Yuan SunJian-Ming OuyangKai YuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xin-Yuan Sun Jian-Ming Ouyang Kai Yu Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
description	Abstract Renal epithelial cell injury causes crystal retention and leads to renal stone formation. However, the effects of crystal shape on cell injury and stone risk remain unclear. This study compared the cytotoxicity degrees of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals having different shapes toward human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells to reveal the effect of crystal shape on cell injury and to elucidate the pathological mechanism of calcium oxalate kidney stones. The effects of exposure to cross-shaped (COD-CS), flower-like (COD-FL), bipyramid (COD-BD), and elongated–bipyramid (COD-EBD) COD crystals on HK-2 cells were investigated by examining the cell viability, cell membrane integrity, cell morphology change, intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and apoptotic and/or necrotic rate. Crystals with large (100) faces (COD-EBD) and sharp edges (COD-CS) showed higher toxicity than COD-BD and COD-FL, respectively. COD crystal exposure caused cell membrane rupture, upregulated intracellular reactive oxygen, and decreased Δψm. This series of phenomena ultimately led to a high apoptotic rate and a low necrotic rate. Crystals with large active faces have a large contact area with epithelial cell surface, and crystals with sharp edges can easily scratch epithelial cells; these factors could promote crystal adhesion and aggregation, thus increasing stone risk.
format	article
author	Xin-Yuan Sun Jian-Ming Ouyang Kai Yu
author_facet	Xin-Yuan Sun Jian-Ming Ouyang Kai Yu
author_sort	Xin-Yuan Sun
title	Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
title_short	Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
title_full	Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
title_fullStr	Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
title_full_unstemmed	Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
title_sort	shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/b225a3ffb6c44a0bb3ef59ca179dbc44
work_keys_str_mv	AT xinyuansun shapedependentcellulartoxicityonrenalepithelialcellsandstoneriskofcalciumoxalatedihydratecrystals AT jianmingouyang shapedependentcellulartoxicityonrenalepithelialcellsandstoneriskofcalciumoxalatedihydratecrystals AT kaiyu shapedependentcellulartoxicityonrenalepithelialcellsandstoneriskofcalciumoxalatedihydratecrystals
_version_	1718394947806167040

Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals

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