In vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing

Abstract Due to their exceptional physico-chemical and magnetic characteristics, rare earth (RE) permanent magnets are applied in multiple critical technologies. However, several environmental and economic difficulties arising from obtaining RE elements have prompted the search of alternatives with...

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Autores principales:	Carlos Rumbo, Cristina Cancho Espina, Jürgen Gassmann, Olivier Tosoni, Rocío Barros García, Sonia Martel Martín, Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b24174bb53ae4a2e921cdefd53bc233f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b24174bb53ae4a2e921cdefd53bc233f2021-12-02T17:41:05ZIn vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing10.1038/s41598-021-91890-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b24174bb53ae4a2e921cdefd53bc233f2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91890-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Due to their exceptional physico-chemical and magnetic characteristics, rare earth (RE) permanent magnets are applied in multiple critical technologies. However, several environmental and economic difficulties arising from obtaining RE elements have prompted the search of alternatives with acceptable magnetic properties but containing a lower percentage of these elements in their composition. The aim of this work was to perform a preliminary toxicological evaluation of three forms of newly developed RE-lean alloys (one NdFeTi and two NdFeSi alloys) applying different in vitro assays, using as a benchmark a commercial NdFeB alloy. Thus, the effects of the direct exposure to powder suspensions and to their derived leachates were analysed in two model organisms (the A549 human cell line and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) applying both viability and oxidative stress assays. Moreover, the impact of the alloy leachates on the bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri was also investigated. The obtained data showed that only the direct interaction of the alloys particulates with the applied organisms resulted in harmful effects, having all the alloys a comparable toxicological potential to that presented by the reference material in the conditions tested. Altogether, this study provides new insights about the safety of NdFeTi and NdFeSi alloys.Carlos RumboCristina Cancho EspinaJürgen GassmannOlivier TosoniRocío Barros GarcíaSonia Martel MartínJuan Antonio Tamayo-RamosNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carlos Rumbo Cristina Cancho Espina Jürgen Gassmann Olivier Tosoni Rocío Barros García Sonia Martel Martín Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos In vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing
description	Abstract Due to their exceptional physico-chemical and magnetic characteristics, rare earth (RE) permanent magnets are applied in multiple critical technologies. However, several environmental and economic difficulties arising from obtaining RE elements have prompted the search of alternatives with acceptable magnetic properties but containing a lower percentage of these elements in their composition. The aim of this work was to perform a preliminary toxicological evaluation of three forms of newly developed RE-lean alloys (one NdFeTi and two NdFeSi alloys) applying different in vitro assays, using as a benchmark a commercial NdFeB alloy. Thus, the effects of the direct exposure to powder suspensions and to their derived leachates were analysed in two model organisms (the A549 human cell line and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) applying both viability and oxidative stress assays. Moreover, the impact of the alloy leachates on the bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri was also investigated. The obtained data showed that only the direct interaction of the alloys particulates with the applied organisms resulted in harmful effects, having all the alloys a comparable toxicological potential to that presented by the reference material in the conditions tested. Altogether, this study provides new insights about the safety of NdFeTi and NdFeSi alloys.
format	article
author	Carlos Rumbo Cristina Cancho Espina Jürgen Gassmann Olivier Tosoni Rocío Barros García Sonia Martel Martín Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos
author_facet	Carlos Rumbo Cristina Cancho Espina Jürgen Gassmann Olivier Tosoni Rocío Barros García Sonia Martel Martín Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos
author_sort	Carlos Rumbo
title	In vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing
title_short	In vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing
title_full	In vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing
title_fullStr	In vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing
title_full_unstemmed	In vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing
title_sort	in vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b24174bb53ae4a2e921cdefd53bc233f
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In vitro safety evaluation of rare earth-lean alloys for permanent magnets manufacturing

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