Steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation

Abstract Pixel value differencing (PVD) steganography techniques produce imperceptible stego‐images. Most PVD‐based techniques have a fall‐off boundary problem (FOBP). To avoid FOBP, a steganographic scheme is presented that combines the quotient value difference (QVD) with pixel value correlation (...

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Autores principales:	Reshma Sonar, Gandharba Swain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	Computational linguistics. Natural language processing P98-98.5 Computer software QA76.75-76.765
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b24afb7059884fafa65867659d4d1ea5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b24afb7059884fafa65867659d4d1ea52021-11-17T03:12:44ZSteganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation2468-232210.1049/cit2.12050https://doaj.org/article/b24afb7059884fafa65867659d4d1ea52021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12050https://doaj.org/toc/2468-2322Abstract Pixel value differencing (PVD) steganography techniques produce imperceptible stego‐images. Most PVD‐based techniques have a fall‐off boundary problem (FOBP). To avoid FOBP, a steganographic scheme is presented that combines the quotient value difference (QVD) with pixel value correlation (PVC). It performs data embedding in two stages on 3 × 3 size pixel blocks. The first stage of the embedding procedure performs QVD and remainder substitution on five pixels. These five pixels are central pixel and it's neighbours on the left, right, upper, and lower sides. Based on the new values of these five pixels, the PVC embedding procedure is applied on the remaining four corner pixels of the block. The experimental results are found to be improved. The hiding capacity is high that is 3.92 bits per byte with an acceptable peak signal‐to‐noise ratio value. A security check was performed using two tests: (i) a regular‐singular (RS) test, (ii) a pixel difference histogram (PDH) test. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that PDH curves of the stego‐images do not have a zigzag shape, that means the PDH test could not detect this steganography technique. Furthermore, the RS curves show that the RS test could not detect this steganography technique.Reshma SonarGandharba SwainWileyarticleComputational linguistics. Natural language processingP98-98.5Computer softwareQA76.75-76.765ENCAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology, Vol 6, Iss 4, Pp 504-519 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Computational linguistics. Natural language processing P98-98.5 Computer software QA76.75-76.765
spellingShingle	Computational linguistics. Natural language processing P98-98.5 Computer software QA76.75-76.765 Reshma Sonar Gandharba Swain Steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation
description	Abstract Pixel value differencing (PVD) steganography techniques produce imperceptible stego‐images. Most PVD‐based techniques have a fall‐off boundary problem (FOBP). To avoid FOBP, a steganographic scheme is presented that combines the quotient value difference (QVD) with pixel value correlation (PVC). It performs data embedding in two stages on 3 × 3 size pixel blocks. The first stage of the embedding procedure performs QVD and remainder substitution on five pixels. These five pixels are central pixel and it's neighbours on the left, right, upper, and lower sides. Based on the new values of these five pixels, the PVC embedding procedure is applied on the remaining four corner pixels of the block. The experimental results are found to be improved. The hiding capacity is high that is 3.92 bits per byte with an acceptable peak signal‐to‐noise ratio value. A security check was performed using two tests: (i) a regular‐singular (RS) test, (ii) a pixel difference histogram (PDH) test. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that PDH curves of the stego‐images do not have a zigzag shape, that means the PDH test could not detect this steganography technique. Furthermore, the RS curves show that the RS test could not detect this steganography technique.
format	article
author	Reshma Sonar Gandharba Swain
author_facet	Reshma Sonar Gandharba Swain
author_sort	Reshma Sonar
title	Steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation
title_short	Steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation
title_full	Steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation
title_fullStr	Steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation
title_full_unstemmed	Steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation
title_sort	steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b24afb7059884fafa65867659d4d1ea5
work_keys_str_mv	AT reshmasonar steganographybasedonquotientvaluedifferencingandpixelvaluecorrelation AT gandharbaswain steganographybasedonquotientvaluedifferencingandpixelvaluecorrelation
_version_	1718426009917718528

Steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation

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