The structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: Cases from Pre-Industrial Afro-Eurasia.

Cities and towns have often developed infrastructure that enabled a variety of socio-economic interactions. Street networks within these urban settings provide key access to resources, neighborhoods, and cultural facilities. Studies on settlement scaling have also demonstrated that a variety of urba...

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Autores principales:	Mark Altaweel, Jack Hanson, Andrea Squitieri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b24ccb6b1f264457ba61b529091a7f60
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b24ccb6b1f264457ba61b529091a7f602021-12-02T20:07:34ZThe structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: Cases from Pre-Industrial Afro-Eurasia.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0259680https://doaj.org/article/b24ccb6b1f264457ba61b529091a7f602021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259680https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Cities and towns have often developed infrastructure that enabled a variety of socio-economic interactions. Street networks within these urban settings provide key access to resources, neighborhoods, and cultural facilities. Studies on settlement scaling have also demonstrated that a variety of urban infrastructure and resources indicate clear population scaling relationships in both modern and ancient settings. This article presents an approach that investigates past street network centrality and its relationship to population scaling in urban contexts. Centrality results are compared statistically among different urban settings, which are categorized as orthogonal (i.e., planned) or self-organizing (i.e., organic) urban settings, with places having both characteristics classified as hybrid. Results demonstrate that street nodes have a power law relationship to urban area, where the number of nodes increases and node density decreases in a sub-linear manner for larger sites. Most median centrality values decrease in a negative sub-linear manner as sites are larger, with organic and hybrid urban sites' centrality being generally less and diminishing more rapidly than orthogonal settings. Diminishing centrality shows comparability to modern urban systems, where larger urban districts may restrict overall interaction due to increasing transport costs over wider areas. Centrality results indicate that scaling results have multiples of approximately ⅙ or ⅓ that are comparable to other urban and road infrastructure, suggesting a potential relationship between different infrastructure features and population in urban centers. The results have implications for archaeological settlements where urban street plans are incomplete or undetermined, as it allows forecasts to be made on past urban sites' street network centrality. Additionally, a tool to enable analysis of street networks and centrality is provided as part of the contribution.Mark AltaweelJack HansonAndrea SquitieriPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0259680 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mark Altaweel Jack Hanson Andrea Squitieri The structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: Cases from Pre-Industrial Afro-Eurasia.
description	Cities and towns have often developed infrastructure that enabled a variety of socio-economic interactions. Street networks within these urban settings provide key access to resources, neighborhoods, and cultural facilities. Studies on settlement scaling have also demonstrated that a variety of urban infrastructure and resources indicate clear population scaling relationships in both modern and ancient settings. This article presents an approach that investigates past street network centrality and its relationship to population scaling in urban contexts. Centrality results are compared statistically among different urban settings, which are categorized as orthogonal (i.e., planned) or self-organizing (i.e., organic) urban settings, with places having both characteristics classified as hybrid. Results demonstrate that street nodes have a power law relationship to urban area, where the number of nodes increases and node density decreases in a sub-linear manner for larger sites. Most median centrality values decrease in a negative sub-linear manner as sites are larger, with organic and hybrid urban sites' centrality being generally less and diminishing more rapidly than orthogonal settings. Diminishing centrality shows comparability to modern urban systems, where larger urban districts may restrict overall interaction due to increasing transport costs over wider areas. Centrality results indicate that scaling results have multiples of approximately ⅙ or ⅓ that are comparable to other urban and road infrastructure, suggesting a potential relationship between different infrastructure features and population in urban centers. The results have implications for archaeological settlements where urban street plans are incomplete or undetermined, as it allows forecasts to be made on past urban sites' street network centrality. Additionally, a tool to enable analysis of street networks and centrality is provided as part of the contribution.
format	article
author	Mark Altaweel Jack Hanson Andrea Squitieri
author_facet	Mark Altaweel Jack Hanson Andrea Squitieri
author_sort	Mark Altaweel
title	The structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: Cases from Pre-Industrial Afro-Eurasia.
title_short	The structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: Cases from Pre-Industrial Afro-Eurasia.
title_full	The structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: Cases from Pre-Industrial Afro-Eurasia.
title_fullStr	The structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: Cases from Pre-Industrial Afro-Eurasia.
title_full_unstemmed	The structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: Cases from Pre-Industrial Afro-Eurasia.
title_sort	structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: cases from pre-industrial afro-eurasia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b24ccb6b1f264457ba61b529091a7f60
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The structure, centrality, and scale of urban street networks: Cases from Pre-Industrial Afro-Eurasia.

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