Screening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails

Various fungal species can degrade lignocellulolytic materials with their enzyme cocktails composed of cellulolytic and lignolytic enzymes. In this work, seven fungal species (Mucor indicus DSM 2185, Paecilomyces variotii CBS 372.70, Myceliophthora ther...

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Autores principales:	Nenad Marđetko, Antonija Trontel, Mario Novak, Mladen Pavlečić, Blanka Didak Ljubas, Marina Grubišić, Vlatka Petravić Tominac, Roland Ludwig, Božidar Šantek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	different fungal species lignocellulolytic enzymes <i>Fusarium</i> sp. pretreated corn cobs sequential solid state and submerged cultivation single and mixed fungal species cultivation Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b25fd7392a2841998c31a4dd6e53ac5b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b25fd7392a2841998c31a4dd6e53ac5b2021-11-11T18:45:42ZScreening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails10.3390/polym132137362073-4360https://doaj.org/article/b25fd7392a2841998c31a4dd6e53ac5b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3736https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Various fungal species can degrade lignocellulolytic materials with their enzyme cocktails composed of cellulolytic and lignolytic enzymes. In this work, seven fungal species (<i>Mucor indicus</i> DSM 2185, <i>Paecilomyces variotii</i> CBS 372.70, <i>Myceliophthora thermophila</i> CBS 663.74, <i>Thielavia terrestris</i> CBS 456.75, <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> JCM 2738, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f.sp. <i>langenariae</i> JCM 9293, and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> JCM 23107) and four nutrient media were used in the screening for effective lignocellulose degrading enzymes. From the seven tested fungi, <i>F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. verticilliodes</i>, along with nutrient medium 4, were selected as the best medium and producers of lignocellulolytic enzymes based on the determined xylanase (>4 U mg<sup>−1</sup>) and glucanase activity (≈2 U mg<sup>−1</sup>). Nutrient medium 4 supplemented with pretreated corn cobs was used in the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by sequential solid-state and submerged cultivation of <i>F. oxysporum</i>, <i>F. verticilliodes</i>, and a mixed culture of both strains. <i>F. oxysporum</i> showed 6 times higher exoglucanase activity (3.33 U mg<sup>−1</sup>) after 5 days of cultivation in comparison with <i>F. verticillioides</i> (0.55 U mg<sup>−1</sup>). <i>F. oxysporum</i> also showed 2 times more endoglucanase activity (0.33 U mg<sup>−1</sup>). The mixed culture cultivation showed similar endo- and exoglucanase activities compared to <i>F. oxysporum</i> (0.35 U mg<sup>−1</sup>; 7.84 U mg<sup>−1</sup>). Maximum xylanase activity was achieved after 7 days of cultivation of <i>F. verticilliodes</i> (≈16 U mg<sup>−1</sup>), while <i>F. oxysporum</i> showed maximum activity after 9 days that was around 2 times lower compared to that of <i>F. verticilliodes.</i> The mixed culture achieved maximum xylanase activity after only 4 days, but the specific activity was similar to activities observed for <i>F. oxysporum.</i> It can be concluded that both fungal strains can be used as producers of enzyme cocktails for the degradation of lignocellulose containing raw materials, and that corn cobs can be used as an inducer for enzyme production.Nenad MarđetkoAntonija TrontelMario NovakMladen PavlečićBlanka Didak LjubasMarina GrubišićVlatka Petravić TominacRoland LudwigBožidar ŠantekMDPI AGarticledifferent fungal specieslignocellulolytic enzymes<i>Fusarium</i> sp.pretreated corn cobssequential solid state and submerged cultivationsingle and mixed fungal species cultivationOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3736, p 3736 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	different fungal species lignocellulolytic enzymes <i>Fusarium</i> sp. pretreated corn cobs sequential solid state and submerged cultivation single and mixed fungal species cultivation Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	different fungal species lignocellulolytic enzymes <i>Fusarium</i> sp. pretreated corn cobs sequential solid state and submerged cultivation single and mixed fungal species cultivation Organic chemistry QD241-441 Nenad Marđetko Antonija Trontel Mario Novak Mladen Pavlečić Blanka Didak Ljubas Marina Grubišić Vlatka Petravić Tominac Roland Ludwig Božidar Šantek Screening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails
description	Various fungal species can degrade lignocellulolytic materials with their enzyme cocktails composed of cellulolytic and lignolytic enzymes. In this work, seven fungal species (<i>Mucor indicus</i> DSM 2185, <i>Paecilomyces variotii</i> CBS 372.70, <i>Myceliophthora thermophila</i> CBS 663.74, <i>Thielavia terrestris</i> CBS 456.75, <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> JCM 2738, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f.sp. <i>langenariae</i> JCM 9293, and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> JCM 23107) and four nutrient media were used in the screening for effective lignocellulose degrading enzymes. From the seven tested fungi, <i>F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. verticilliodes</i>, along with nutrient medium 4, were selected as the best medium and producers of lignocellulolytic enzymes based on the determined xylanase (>4 U mg<sup>−1</sup>) and glucanase activity (≈2 U mg<sup>−1</sup>). Nutrient medium 4 supplemented with pretreated corn cobs was used in the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by sequential solid-state and submerged cultivation of <i>F. oxysporum</i>, <i>F. verticilliodes</i>, and a mixed culture of both strains. <i>F. oxysporum</i> showed 6 times higher exoglucanase activity (3.33 U mg<sup>−1</sup>) after 5 days of cultivation in comparison with <i>F. verticillioides</i> (0.55 U mg<sup>−1</sup>). <i>F. oxysporum</i> also showed 2 times more endoglucanase activity (0.33 U mg<sup>−1</sup>). The mixed culture cultivation showed similar endo- and exoglucanase activities compared to <i>F. oxysporum</i> (0.35 U mg<sup>−1</sup>; 7.84 U mg<sup>−1</sup>). Maximum xylanase activity was achieved after 7 days of cultivation of <i>F. verticilliodes</i> (≈16 U mg<sup>−1</sup>), while <i>F. oxysporum</i> showed maximum activity after 9 days that was around 2 times lower compared to that of <i>F. verticilliodes.</i> The mixed culture achieved maximum xylanase activity after only 4 days, but the specific activity was similar to activities observed for <i>F. oxysporum.</i> It can be concluded that both fungal strains can be used as producers of enzyme cocktails for the degradation of lignocellulose containing raw materials, and that corn cobs can be used as an inducer for enzyme production.
format	article
author	Nenad Marđetko Antonija Trontel Mario Novak Mladen Pavlečić Blanka Didak Ljubas Marina Grubišić Vlatka Petravić Tominac Roland Ludwig Božidar Šantek
author_facet	Nenad Marđetko Antonija Trontel Mario Novak Mladen Pavlečić Blanka Didak Ljubas Marina Grubišić Vlatka Petravić Tominac Roland Ludwig Božidar Šantek
author_sort	Nenad Marđetko
title	Screening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails
title_short	Screening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails
title_full	Screening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails
title_fullStr	Screening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails
title_full_unstemmed	Screening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails
title_sort	screening of lignocellulolytic enzyme activities in fungal species and sequential solid-state and submerged cultivation for the production of enzyme cocktails
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b25fd7392a2841998c31a4dd6e53ac5b
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Screening of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities in Fungal Species and Sequential Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation for the Production of Enzyme Cocktails

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