A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar

Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most used pharmaceuticals worldwide and a Contaminant of Emerging Concern, represents a potential risk for the environment and human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a significant source of CBZ to the environment, polluting the whole water cycle. In thi...

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Autores principales:	María Alejandra Décima, Simone Marzeddu, Margherita Barchiesi, Camilla Di Marcantonio, Agostina Chiavola, Maria Rosaria Boni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	activated carbon adsorption biochar carbamazepine charcoal isotherms Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b26c90882fce4bd98addbd0ec088de13
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b26c90882fce4bd98addbd0ec088de132021-11-11T19:28:27ZA Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar10.3390/su1321117602071-1050https://doaj.org/article/b26c90882fce4bd98addbd0ec088de132021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11760https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most used pharmaceuticals worldwide and a Contaminant of Emerging Concern, represents a potential risk for the environment and human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a significant source of CBZ to the environment, polluting the whole water cycle. In this review, the CBZ presence and fate in the urban water cycle are addressed, with a focus on adsorption as a possible solution for its removal. Specifically, the scientific literature on CBZ removal by activated carbon and its possible substitute Biochar, is comprehensively scanned and summed up, in view of increasing the circularity in water treatments. CBZ adsorption onto activated carbon and biochar is analyzed considering several aspects, such as physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbents, operational conditions of the adsorption processes and adsorption kinetics and isotherms models. WWTPs usually show almost no removal of CBZ (even negative), whereas removal is witnessed in drinking water treatment plants through advanced treatments (even >90%). Among these, adsorption is considered one of the preferable methods, being economical and easier to operate. Adsorption capacity of CBZ is influenced by the characteristics of the adsorbent precursors, pyrolysis temperature and modification or activation processes. Among operational conditions, pH shows low influence on the process, as CBZ has no charge in most pH ranges. Differently, increasing temperature and rotational speed favor the adsorption of CBZ. The presence of other micro-contaminants and organic matter decreases the CBZ adsorption due to competition effects. These results, however, concern mainly laboratory-scale studies, hence, full-scale investigations are recommended to take into account the complexity of the real conditions.María Alejandra DécimaSimone MarzedduMargherita BarchiesiCamilla Di MarcantonioAgostina ChiavolaMaria Rosaria BoniMDPI AGarticleactivated carbonadsorptionbiocharcarbamazepinecharcoalisothermsEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11760, p 11760 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	activated carbon adsorption biochar carbamazepine charcoal isotherms Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	activated carbon adsorption biochar carbamazepine charcoal isotherms Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 María Alejandra Décima Simone Marzeddu Margherita Barchiesi Camilla Di Marcantonio Agostina Chiavola Maria Rosaria Boni A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar
description	Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most used pharmaceuticals worldwide and a Contaminant of Emerging Concern, represents a potential risk for the environment and human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a significant source of CBZ to the environment, polluting the whole water cycle. In this review, the CBZ presence and fate in the urban water cycle are addressed, with a focus on adsorption as a possible solution for its removal. Specifically, the scientific literature on CBZ removal by activated carbon and its possible substitute Biochar, is comprehensively scanned and summed up, in view of increasing the circularity in water treatments. CBZ adsorption onto activated carbon and biochar is analyzed considering several aspects, such as physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbents, operational conditions of the adsorption processes and adsorption kinetics and isotherms models. WWTPs usually show almost no removal of CBZ (even negative), whereas removal is witnessed in drinking water treatment plants through advanced treatments (even >90%). Among these, adsorption is considered one of the preferable methods, being economical and easier to operate. Adsorption capacity of CBZ is influenced by the characteristics of the adsorbent precursors, pyrolysis temperature and modification or activation processes. Among operational conditions, pH shows low influence on the process, as CBZ has no charge in most pH ranges. Differently, increasing temperature and rotational speed favor the adsorption of CBZ. The presence of other micro-contaminants and organic matter decreases the CBZ adsorption due to competition effects. These results, however, concern mainly laboratory-scale studies, hence, full-scale investigations are recommended to take into account the complexity of the real conditions.
format	article
author	María Alejandra Décima Simone Marzeddu Margherita Barchiesi Camilla Di Marcantonio Agostina Chiavola Maria Rosaria Boni
author_facet	María Alejandra Décima Simone Marzeddu Margherita Barchiesi Camilla Di Marcantonio Agostina Chiavola Maria Rosaria Boni
author_sort	María Alejandra Décima
title	A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar
title_short	A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar
title_full	A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar
title_fullStr	A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar
title_full_unstemmed	A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar
title_sort	review on the removal of carbamazepine from aqueous solution by using activated carbon and biochar
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b26c90882fce4bd98addbd0ec088de13
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A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar

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