PM2.5 diminution and haze events over Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology

Abstract Delhi, a tropical Indian megacity, experiences one of the most severe air pollution in the world, linked with diverse anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions. First phase of COVID-19 lockdown in India, implemented during 25 March to 14 April 2020 resulted in a dramatic near-zeroing of v...

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Autores principales:	Surendra K. Dhaka, Chetna, Vinay Kumar, Vivek Panwar, A. P. Dimri, Narendra Singh, Prabir K. Patra, Yutaka Matsumi, Masayuki Takigawa, Tomoki Nakayama, Kazuyo Yamaji, Mizuo Kajino, Prakhar Misra, Sachiko Hayashida
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b272021c918449dcb122989b7acd74d4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b272021c918449dcb122989b7acd74d42021-12-02T18:50:56ZPM2.5 diminution and haze events over Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology10.1038/s41598-020-70179-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b272021c918449dcb122989b7acd74d42020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70179-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Delhi, a tropical Indian megacity, experiences one of the most severe air pollution in the world, linked with diverse anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions. First phase of COVID-19 lockdown in India, implemented during 25 March to 14 April 2020 resulted in a dramatic near-zeroing of various activities (e.g. traffic, industries, constructions), except the “essential services”. Here, we analysed variations in the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the Delhi-National Capital Region. Measurements revealed large reductions (by 40–70%) in PM2.5 during the first week of lockdown (25–31 March 2020) as compared to the pre-lockdown conditions. However, O3 pollution remained high during the lockdown due to non-linear chemistry and dynamics under low aerosol loading. Notably, events of enhanced PM2.5 levels (300–400 µg m−3) were observed during night and early morning hours in the first week of April after air temperatures fell close to the dew-point (~ 15–17 °C). A haze formation mechanism is suggested through uplifting of fine particles, which is reinforced by condensation of moisture following the sunrise. The study highlights a highly complex interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology leading to counter intuitive enhancements in pollution, besides an overall improvement in air quality during the COVID-19 lockdown in this part of the world.Surendra K. DhakaChetnaVinay KumarVivek PanwarA. P. DimriNarendra SinghPrabir K. PatraYutaka MatsumiMasayuki TakigawaTomoki NakayamaKazuyo YamajiMizuo KajinoPrakhar MisraSachiko HayashidaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Surendra K. Dhaka Chetna Vinay Kumar Vivek Panwar A. P. Dimri Narendra Singh Prabir K. Patra Yutaka Matsumi Masayuki Takigawa Tomoki Nakayama Kazuyo Yamaji Mizuo Kajino Prakhar Misra Sachiko Hayashida PM2.5 diminution and haze events over Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology
description	Abstract Delhi, a tropical Indian megacity, experiences one of the most severe air pollution in the world, linked with diverse anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions. First phase of COVID-19 lockdown in India, implemented during 25 March to 14 April 2020 resulted in a dramatic near-zeroing of various activities (e.g. traffic, industries, constructions), except the “essential services”. Here, we analysed variations in the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the Delhi-National Capital Region. Measurements revealed large reductions (by 40–70%) in PM2.5 during the first week of lockdown (25–31 March 2020) as compared to the pre-lockdown conditions. However, O3 pollution remained high during the lockdown due to non-linear chemistry and dynamics under low aerosol loading. Notably, events of enhanced PM2.5 levels (300–400 µg m−3) were observed during night and early morning hours in the first week of April after air temperatures fell close to the dew-point (~ 15–17 °C). A haze formation mechanism is suggested through uplifting of fine particles, which is reinforced by condensation of moisture following the sunrise. The study highlights a highly complex interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology leading to counter intuitive enhancements in pollution, besides an overall improvement in air quality during the COVID-19 lockdown in this part of the world.
format	article
author	Surendra K. Dhaka Chetna Vinay Kumar Vivek Panwar A. P. Dimri Narendra Singh Prabir K. Patra Yutaka Matsumi Masayuki Takigawa Tomoki Nakayama Kazuyo Yamaji Mizuo Kajino Prakhar Misra Sachiko Hayashida
author_facet	Surendra K. Dhaka Chetna Vinay Kumar Vivek Panwar A. P. Dimri Narendra Singh Prabir K. Patra Yutaka Matsumi Masayuki Takigawa Tomoki Nakayama Kazuyo Yamaji Mizuo Kajino Prakhar Misra Sachiko Hayashida
author_sort	Surendra K. Dhaka
title	PM2.5 diminution and haze events over Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology
title_short	PM2.5 diminution and haze events over Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology
title_full	PM2.5 diminution and haze events over Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology
title_fullStr	PM2.5 diminution and haze events over Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology
title_full_unstemmed	PM2.5 diminution and haze events over Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology
title_sort	pm2.5 diminution and haze events over delhi during the covid-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/b272021c918449dcb122989b7acd74d4
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PM2.5 diminution and haze events over Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period: an interplay between the baseline pollution and meteorology

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