Effects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort

The purpose of this paper is analyzing whether trust and reciprocity are affected by how rich the partner is or how well the partner performed several tasks with real effort. A trust game (TG) experiment is designed with three treatments. First, a baseline Treatment B in which subjects play a finite...

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Autores principales:	Amalia Rodrigo-González, María Caballer-Tarazona, Aurora García-Gallego
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	inequality trust reciprocity altruism real-effort task experiment Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b278227d852546d6bec8fedf3673e6e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b278227d852546d6bec8fedf3673e6e62021-12-02T09:10:54ZEffects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.745948https://doaj.org/article/b278227d852546d6bec8fedf3673e6e62021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745948/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078The purpose of this paper is analyzing whether trust and reciprocity are affected by how rich the partner is or how well the partner performed several tasks with real effort. A trust game (TG) experiment is designed with three treatments. First, a baseline Treatment B in which subjects play a finitely repeated TG. Second, in a Treatment H with history, subjects know the partner’s wealth level reached in the past. Third, in a Treatment E with effort the individual endowment with which the TG is played is endogenous and results from the subject’s performance in three different real effort tasks (maths, cognitive and general knowledge related). The data analysis highlights the importance of past wealth levels (Treatment H) as well as endowment heterogeneity (Treatment E), on the actual levels of trust and reciprocity. Specifically, it is observed that the decision of trustors is positively affected by positive past experienced reciprocity. Moreover, trustors are sensitive to how much money the trustee accumulates each round in Treatment H, trusting more the ones that have accumulated less compared to themselves. In contrast with that, it is remarkable in Treatment E that trustors are sensitive to the endowment level of the trustees, trusting more the partners that have got a higher than own endowment, probably considering that a person that performed better in the tasks is a better partner to trust. As far as second players’ behavior, as the amount received from the trustor increases it is less likely that the trustee reciprocates with higher than or with the egalitarian amount. In Treatments H and E, the probability that the trustee reciprocates with higher amount that the one received increases when inequality in endowment/accumulated earnings favors the trustor. Additional results come from analysis of personality archetypes and socio-demographic variables.Amalia Rodrigo-GonzálezMaría Caballer-TarazonaAurora García-GallegoAurora García-GallegoFrontiers Media S.A.articleinequalitytrustreciprocityaltruismreal-effort taskexperimentPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	inequality trust reciprocity altruism real-effort task experiment Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	inequality trust reciprocity altruism real-effort task experiment Psychology BF1-990 Amalia Rodrigo-González María Caballer-Tarazona Aurora García-Gallego Aurora García-Gallego Effects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort
description	The purpose of this paper is analyzing whether trust and reciprocity are affected by how rich the partner is or how well the partner performed several tasks with real effort. A trust game (TG) experiment is designed with three treatments. First, a baseline Treatment B in which subjects play a finitely repeated TG. Second, in a Treatment H with history, subjects know the partner’s wealth level reached in the past. Third, in a Treatment E with effort the individual endowment with which the TG is played is endogenous and results from the subject’s performance in three different real effort tasks (maths, cognitive and general knowledge related). The data analysis highlights the importance of past wealth levels (Treatment H) as well as endowment heterogeneity (Treatment E), on the actual levels of trust and reciprocity. Specifically, it is observed that the decision of trustors is positively affected by positive past experienced reciprocity. Moreover, trustors are sensitive to how much money the trustee accumulates each round in Treatment H, trusting more the ones that have accumulated less compared to themselves. In contrast with that, it is remarkable in Treatment E that trustors are sensitive to the endowment level of the trustees, trusting more the partners that have got a higher than own endowment, probably considering that a person that performed better in the tasks is a better partner to trust. As far as second players’ behavior, as the amount received from the trustor increases it is less likely that the trustee reciprocates with higher than or with the egalitarian amount. In Treatments H and E, the probability that the trustee reciprocates with higher amount that the one received increases when inequality in endowment/accumulated earnings favors the trustor. Additional results come from analysis of personality archetypes and socio-demographic variables.
format	article
author	Amalia Rodrigo-González María Caballer-Tarazona Aurora García-Gallego Aurora García-Gallego
author_facet	Amalia Rodrigo-González María Caballer-Tarazona Aurora García-Gallego Aurora García-Gallego
author_sort	Amalia Rodrigo-González
title	Effects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort
title_short	Effects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort
title_full	Effects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort
title_fullStr	Effects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort
title_sort	effects of inequality on trust and reciprocity: an experiment with real effort
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b278227d852546d6bec8fedf3673e6e6
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_version_	1718398205427712000

Effects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort

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