Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies

Pakistan is an agro-economy country where hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) pesticides are being used to improve crop productivity, as a result the risk of contamination of soil and sediment has been increased. HCH exhibits all the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants (POP), and was therefore...

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Autores principales:	Talat Ara, Waqar-Un Nisa, Muzammil Anjum, Luqman Riaz, Aansa Rukya Saleem, Malik Tahir Hayat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	hexachlorocyclohexane lindane pakistan persistent organic pollutant pesticides soil Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b29b3566134943de84348a5b059499fe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b29b3566134943de84348a5b059499fe2021-11-06T11:05:18ZHexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.120https://doaj.org/article/b29b3566134943de84348a5b059499fe2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/83/10/2345https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732Pakistan is an agro-economy country where hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) pesticides are being used to improve crop productivity, as a result the risk of contamination of soil and sediment has been increased. HCH exhibits all the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants (POP), and was therefore added to the list of ‘new POPs’ in 2009. This review report revealed that the major rivers of Pakistan such as the Indus Basin, River Ravi, River Chenab and their tributaries all are contaminated with HCH and the highest residual concentration (4,090 ng/g) was detected in a pesticide burial ground in Hyderabad city. Major sources of HCH contamination were identified as agricultural runoff, discharge of untreated industrial effluents and surface runoff. In order to manage HCH pollution, various ex-situ and in-situ remediation techniques along with their merits and demerits are thoroughly reviewed. Among these, microbial bioremediation is a low cost, environment friendly, effective in-situ remediation technique for remediation of HCH. Overall, the information provided in this manuscript will provide a future reference to the scientific community and bridge the knowledge gap between HCH release in the environment and their mitigation through proper treatment methods. HIGHLIGHTS Hexachlorocyclohexane is most widely pesticide and toxic to environment.; Hexachlorocyclohexane as persistent organic pollutants contaminates fresh water resources and pose a potential risk to ecosystem.; Pakistan's major rivers and tributaries are contaminated hexachlorocyclohexane.; Appropriate treatment of water and mitigation policies are required.;Talat AraWaqar-Un NisaMuzammil AnjumLuqman RiazAansa Rukya SaleemMalik Tahir HayatIWA Publishingarticlehexachlorocyclohexanelindanepakistanpersistent organic pollutantpesticidessoilEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 83, Iss 10, Pp 2345-2362 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hexachlorocyclohexane lindane pakistan persistent organic pollutant pesticides soil Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	hexachlorocyclohexane lindane pakistan persistent organic pollutant pesticides soil Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Talat Ara Waqar-Un Nisa Muzammil Anjum Luqman Riaz Aansa Rukya Saleem Malik Tahir Hayat Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies
description	Pakistan is an agro-economy country where hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) pesticides are being used to improve crop productivity, as a result the risk of contamination of soil and sediment has been increased. HCH exhibits all the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants (POP), and was therefore added to the list of ‘new POPs’ in 2009. This review report revealed that the major rivers of Pakistan such as the Indus Basin, River Ravi, River Chenab and their tributaries all are contaminated with HCH and the highest residual concentration (4,090 ng/g) was detected in a pesticide burial ground in Hyderabad city. Major sources of HCH contamination were identified as agricultural runoff, discharge of untreated industrial effluents and surface runoff. In order to manage HCH pollution, various ex-situ and in-situ remediation techniques along with their merits and demerits are thoroughly reviewed. Among these, microbial bioremediation is a low cost, environment friendly, effective in-situ remediation technique for remediation of HCH. Overall, the information provided in this manuscript will provide a future reference to the scientific community and bridge the knowledge gap between HCH release in the environment and their mitigation through proper treatment methods. HIGHLIGHTS Hexachlorocyclohexane is most widely pesticide and toxic to environment.; Hexachlorocyclohexane as persistent organic pollutants contaminates fresh water resources and pose a potential risk to ecosystem.; Pakistan's major rivers and tributaries are contaminated hexachlorocyclohexane.; Appropriate treatment of water and mitigation policies are required.;
format	article
author	Talat Ara Waqar-Un Nisa Muzammil Anjum Luqman Riaz Aansa Rukya Saleem Malik Tahir Hayat
author_facet	Talat Ara Waqar-Un Nisa Muzammil Anjum Luqman Riaz Aansa Rukya Saleem Malik Tahir Hayat
author_sort	Talat Ara
title	Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies
title_short	Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies
title_full	Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies
title_fullStr	Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies
title_full_unstemmed	Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies
title_sort	hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b29b3566134943de84348a5b059499fe
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Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies

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