A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark

Background: Loss of pregnancy in mares can have many different causes, including both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Extrapolation of findings from other studies is often uncertain as the significance of each cause varies across regions. Causes of pregnancy loss in mares have never been t...

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Autores principales:	Jørgen Steen Agerholm, Eva-Maria Klas, Peter Damborg, Nicole Borel, Hanne Gervi Pedersen, Mette Christoffersen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Acinetobacter hydrophila Arthrobacter gandavensis Chlamydia Enterococcus casseliflavus equine herpesvirus Pseudomonas fluorescens Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b2b4392f48994eaa86e4e5704b665580
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b2b4392f48994eaa86e4e5704b6655802021-11-10T08:34:45ZA Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark2297-176910.3389/fvets.2021.740621https://doaj.org/article/b2b4392f48994eaa86e4e5704b6655802021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.740621/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769Background: Loss of pregnancy in mares can have many different causes, including both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Extrapolation of findings from other studies is often uncertain as the significance of each cause varies across regions. Causes of pregnancy loss in mares have never been thoroughly studied in Denmark, so a prospective cross-sectional cohort study targeting the entire Danish population of pregnant mares was performed over a period of 13 months to obtain knowledge of the significance of individual causes. Fifty aborted or prematurely delivered stillborn fetuses were submitted for necropsy and examined by a panel of diagnostic laboratory methods.Results: Overall, a cause of fetal loss was established for 72% of the examined cases. Most cases (62%) were lost due to a non-infectious cause, of which obstruction of the feto-placental blood circulation due to severe torsion of the umbilical cord was most prevalent. Pregnancy loss due to a variety of opportunistic bacteria, including bacteria not previously associated with abortion in mares, accounted for 12%, while equid alphaherpesvirus (EHV) type 1 was the cause of pregnancy loss in 8% of the cases. EHV type 4 and Chlamydiaceae species were identified in some cases, but not regarded as the cause of fetal loss.Conclusion: Umbilical cord torsion was found to be the most prevalent cause of fetal loss in Danish mares, while infectious causes such as EHV type 1 and streptococci only accounted for a minor proportion of the losses. The study highlights the need for defined criteria for establishing an abortion diagnosis in mares, particularly in relation to EHV types 1 and 4.Jørgen Steen AgerholmEva-Maria KlasPeter DamborgNicole BorelHanne Gervi PedersenMette ChristoffersenFrontiers Media S.A.articleAcinetobacter hydrophilaArthrobacter gandavensisChlamydiaEnterococcus casseliflavusequine herpesvirusPseudomonas fluorescensVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Acinetobacter hydrophila Arthrobacter gandavensis Chlamydia Enterococcus casseliflavus equine herpesvirus Pseudomonas fluorescens Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	Acinetobacter hydrophila Arthrobacter gandavensis Chlamydia Enterococcus casseliflavus equine herpesvirus Pseudomonas fluorescens Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Jørgen Steen Agerholm Eva-Maria Klas Peter Damborg Nicole Borel Hanne Gervi Pedersen Mette Christoffersen A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark
description	Background: Loss of pregnancy in mares can have many different causes, including both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Extrapolation of findings from other studies is often uncertain as the significance of each cause varies across regions. Causes of pregnancy loss in mares have never been thoroughly studied in Denmark, so a prospective cross-sectional cohort study targeting the entire Danish population of pregnant mares was performed over a period of 13 months to obtain knowledge of the significance of individual causes. Fifty aborted or prematurely delivered stillborn fetuses were submitted for necropsy and examined by a panel of diagnostic laboratory methods.Results: Overall, a cause of fetal loss was established for 72% of the examined cases. Most cases (62%) were lost due to a non-infectious cause, of which obstruction of the feto-placental blood circulation due to severe torsion of the umbilical cord was most prevalent. Pregnancy loss due to a variety of opportunistic bacteria, including bacteria not previously associated with abortion in mares, accounted for 12%, while equid alphaherpesvirus (EHV) type 1 was the cause of pregnancy loss in 8% of the cases. EHV type 4 and Chlamydiaceae species were identified in some cases, but not regarded as the cause of fetal loss.Conclusion: Umbilical cord torsion was found to be the most prevalent cause of fetal loss in Danish mares, while infectious causes such as EHV type 1 and streptococci only accounted for a minor proportion of the losses. The study highlights the need for defined criteria for establishing an abortion diagnosis in mares, particularly in relation to EHV types 1 and 4.
format	article
author	Jørgen Steen Agerholm Eva-Maria Klas Peter Damborg Nicole Borel Hanne Gervi Pedersen Mette Christoffersen
author_facet	Jørgen Steen Agerholm Eva-Maria Klas Peter Damborg Nicole Borel Hanne Gervi Pedersen Mette Christoffersen
author_sort	Jørgen Steen Agerholm
title	A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark
title_short	A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark
title_full	A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark
title_fullStr	A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark
title_full_unstemmed	A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark
title_sort	diagnostic survey of aborted equine fetuses and stillborn premature foals in denmark
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b2b4392f48994eaa86e4e5704b665580
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A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark

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