Situation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes

Even entirely driverless vehicles will sometimes require remote human intervention. Existing SA frameworks do not acknowledge the significant human factors challenges unique to a driver in charge of a vehicle that they are not physically occupying. Remote operators will have to build up a mental mod...

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Autores principales:	Clare Mutzenich, Szonya Durant, Shaun Helman, Polly Dalton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	situation awareness (SA) SA comprehension SA Prediction driving video taxonomy Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b2d3c617ef164933a27baa0faf17a809
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b2d3c617ef164933a27baa0faf17a8092021-11-10T05:23:11ZSituation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.727500https://doaj.org/article/b2d3c617ef164933a27baa0faf17a8092021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727500/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Even entirely driverless vehicles will sometimes require remote human intervention. Existing SA frameworks do not acknowledge the significant human factors challenges unique to a driver in charge of a vehicle that they are not physically occupying. Remote operators will have to build up a mental model of the remote environment facilitated by monitor view and video feed. We took a novel approach to “freeze and probe” techniques to measure SA, employing a qualitative verbal elicitation task to uncover what people “see” in a remote scene when they are not constrained by rigid questioning. Participants (n = 10) watched eight videos of driving scenes randomized and counterbalanced across four road types (motorway, rural, residential and A road). Participants recorded spoken descriptions when each video stopped, detailing what was happening (SA Comprehension) and what could happen next (SA Prediction). Participant transcripts provided a rich catalog of verbal data reflecting clear interactions between different SA levels. This suggests that acquiring SA in remote scenes is a flexible and fluctuating process of combining comprehension and prediction globally rather than serially, in contrast to what has sometimes been implied by previous SA methodologies (Jones and Endsley, 1996; Endsley, 2000, 2017b). Inductive thematic analysis was used to categorize participants’ responses into a taxonomy aimed at capturing the key elements of people’s reported SA for videos of driving situations. We suggest that existing theories of SA need to be more sensitively applied to remote driving contexts such as remote operators of autonomous vehicles.Clare MutzenichSzonya DurantShaun HelmanPolly DaltonFrontiers Media S.A.articlesituation awareness (SA)SA comprehensionSA PredictiondrivingvideotaxonomyPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	situation awareness (SA) SA comprehension SA Prediction driving video taxonomy Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	situation awareness (SA) SA comprehension SA Prediction driving video taxonomy Psychology BF1-990 Clare Mutzenich Szonya Durant Shaun Helman Polly Dalton Situation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes
description	Even entirely driverless vehicles will sometimes require remote human intervention. Existing SA frameworks do not acknowledge the significant human factors challenges unique to a driver in charge of a vehicle that they are not physically occupying. Remote operators will have to build up a mental model of the remote environment facilitated by monitor view and video feed. We took a novel approach to “freeze and probe” techniques to measure SA, employing a qualitative verbal elicitation task to uncover what people “see” in a remote scene when they are not constrained by rigid questioning. Participants (n = 10) watched eight videos of driving scenes randomized and counterbalanced across four road types (motorway, rural, residential and A road). Participants recorded spoken descriptions when each video stopped, detailing what was happening (SA Comprehension) and what could happen next (SA Prediction). Participant transcripts provided a rich catalog of verbal data reflecting clear interactions between different SA levels. This suggests that acquiring SA in remote scenes is a flexible and fluctuating process of combining comprehension and prediction globally rather than serially, in contrast to what has sometimes been implied by previous SA methodologies (Jones and Endsley, 1996; Endsley, 2000, 2017b). Inductive thematic analysis was used to categorize participants’ responses into a taxonomy aimed at capturing the key elements of people’s reported SA for videos of driving situations. We suggest that existing theories of SA need to be more sensitively applied to remote driving contexts such as remote operators of autonomous vehicles.
format	article
author	Clare Mutzenich Szonya Durant Shaun Helman Polly Dalton
author_facet	Clare Mutzenich Szonya Durant Shaun Helman Polly Dalton
author_sort	Clare Mutzenich
title	Situation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes
title_short	Situation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes
title_full	Situation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes
title_fullStr	Situation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes
title_full_unstemmed	Situation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes
title_sort	situation awareness in remote operators of autonomous vehicles: developing a taxonomy of situation awareness in video-relays of driving scenes
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b2d3c617ef164933a27baa0faf17a809
work_keys_str_mv	AT claremutzenich situationawarenessinremoteoperatorsofautonomousvehiclesdevelopingataxonomyofsituationawarenessinvideorelaysofdrivingscenes AT szonyadurant situationawarenessinremoteoperatorsofautonomousvehiclesdevelopingataxonomyofsituationawarenessinvideorelaysofdrivingscenes AT shaunhelman situationawarenessinremoteoperatorsofautonomousvehiclesdevelopingataxonomyofsituationawarenessinvideorelaysofdrivingscenes AT pollydalton situationawarenessinremoteoperatorsofautonomousvehiclesdevelopingataxonomyofsituationawarenessinvideorelaysofdrivingscenes
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Situation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes

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